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PSY CH2 Test 48/50
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?synapse,axon, axon terminal or soma | synapse |
| Ions | can be found both inside & outside the nerve cell. |
| The fact that the inside of human neurons measures about -70 millivolts compared to the outside of the cell allows each neuron to act like a | tiny battery |
| Neurons "talk" to each other chemically when the ____ are released. | neurotransmitters |
| Too little of this can cause the shaking & muscle tremors of Parkinson's disease, while too much of this neurotransmitter can cause schizophrenia. | dopamine |
| Endorphins are released from the ____ gland. | pituitary |
| A single neuron within a(n) ____ "listens" to the neurons that synapse with it & combines that input into an output. | neural network |
| The term ____ refers to the capacity of our brains to change in response to experience. | plasticity |
| Neurons are tiny cells that | cannot be seen without a microscope. |
| Myelin covers which part(s) of the neuron? | axon |
| The small gaps in the myelin covering of a nerve act to | increase the speed of transmission of nerve impulses. |
| Regrowth of a damaged nerve cell is most likely when | an accidentally severed toe is sewn back on. |
| Horror movies & science fiction stories are often based on the premise that one person's brain has been surgically removed & implanted in the body of another person. This would actually be impossible because | severe damage to neurons in the CNS is usually considered permanent. |
| The somatic system governs ____, while the autonomic system is ____. | activity, such as muscle movement; self-governing |
| Your instructor announces a "pop" test. You have not read the chapter yet. Your heart & breathing rate increases, & your mouth becomes dry. Which nervous system was responsible for this reaction? | sympathetic |
| Muscle fibers can contract because they are made up of | effector cells. |
| Which statements is/are TRUE? PET scans & functional MRIs provide images of activity throughout the brain. Experimentally, fMRI images have been used to tell if a person is lying.EEGs measure the waves of activity produced near the surface of the brain. | All of these statements are true. |
| Humans are superior to all other animals in | intelligence |
| Dan had a right hemisphere stroke. In rehab family & Dr noticed he placed things on right side of bed & didn't notice things placed on left side until shown. Ate food on right side of plate before he noticed food on the left side. Dan was exhibiting | spatial neglect |
| ____ occurs when an artery carrying blood to the brain becomes blocked, causing some brain tissue to die. | A stroke |
| In most people, the right hemisphere of the brain is in charge of | art |
| A patient who has suffered brain damage to the left hemisphere is likely to experience diminished capacity for | naming objects |
| LaMonte excels in algebra, solving each problem one step at a time. Brittany can easily visualize three-dimensional geometry problems. | LaMonte's preferred activity is centered in the left hemisphere, Brittany's in the right |
| The motor cortex is one brain area that contains ____, which become active when we perform an action & when we merely observe someone else carrying out the same action. | mirror neurons |
| The association areas of the cerebral cortex | are directly related to such functions as thinking, language, & memory & include Broca's & Wernicke's areas |
| A person who says "bife" for bike & "seep" for sleep probably suffers from | Broca's aphasia |
| The greater the sensitivity of a part of the body, | the larger the area of primary somatosensory cortex associated with it |
| Being able to read Braille or to play the guitar with your h&s & fingers are two skills that one is able to do because more of the ____ & ____ are devoted to these body parts. | primary somatosensory cortex; primary motor cortex |
| Which of the following changes would you expect to occur in someone whose TEMPORAL LOBES were damaged in an accident? | reduced capacity to hear sounds |
| Visual agnosia | is the inability to identify visually-presented objects |
| Mary & John are listening to a speech pathologist pronounce words. Research shows that listening to these words will occur in ____ of the brain for Mary & ____ of the brain for John. | both sides; the left side |
| In which of the following pairs are both structures part of the forebrain? | cerebrum, thalamus |
| You begin to doze off in class but suddenly come to awareness when your name is called. The brain formation responsible for | reticular activating system (RAS) |
| After stroke, Sam had trouble hearing, visual problems, & some numbness in parts of his body. He can smell food cooking & anticipatesthe flavor of his favorite foods, but, the food often does not have any taste. Which part of his brain is malfunctioning? | thalamus |
| The ____ is basically a "crossroads" that connects many areas of the brain & is the last place where many behaviors are organized or "decided on" before messages leave the brain, causing the body to react. | hypothalamus |
| A medical student destroys part of a rat's brain so that it later develops a tremendous appetite & continues to eat long after it has acquired ample nutrition. What part of the brain has been damaged? | hypothalamus |
| During evolution, the ____ was the earliest layer of the forebrain to develop & helps organize basic survival responses in lower animals, such as feeding, fleeing, fighting, & reproduction. | limbic system |
| In lower animals, the ____ helps organize basic survival responses, such as feeding, fleeing, fighting, & reproduction. | limbic system |
| A researcher places an electrode in a cat's limbic system. The cat suddenly jumps up, runs to the corner, & prepares to attack. What part of the limbic system was stimulated? | amygdala |
| German researchers have developed a brain-computer interface that translates patient's ____ into comm&s that can be used to control a computer. | EEG recordings |
| Arnold received too much growth hormone during puberty (late in the growth cycle). His h&s, feet, & face show an overgrowth. He has the condition known as | acromegaly |
| Regarding the endocrine system, which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is FALSE? | It is the master of the pituitary gland. |
| Darlene experienced an increase in blood pressure, lost weight, extremely tense & irritable. Dr found that 1 endocrine glands was producing too much of hormone. Darlene most likely has | an overactive thyroid gland |
| ____, which is associated with fear, tends to arouse the body, while ____ also tends to arouse the body, but is linked with anger. | Epinephrine; norepinephrine |
| One of the principal &rogens, or "male" hormones, is testosterone, which is supplied in small amounts by the | adrenal glands |
| The side effects of anabolic steroids include | breast enlargement in men |
| "Lefties" have often been characterized as ____, while "righties" are more likely to be referred to as ____. | clumsy, awkward, unlucky, or insincere; coordinated, skillful, & just |
| Among humans, about ____ percent are left-h&ed. | 10 |
| A combination of preference for using h&, foot, eye,& ear is referred to as | sidedness |
| People who are left-h&ed have their strongest advantage in which of the following sports? | boxing |
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jeni25
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