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What is Inflammation of the small intestine; caused by bacterial or protozoan organisms or by other environmental factor
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What is inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin, involving any part of the GI tract; commonly involving the terminal ileum, with scarring and thickening of the bowel wall
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RADT 313 Unit 3
Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Inflammation of the small intestine; caused by bacterial or protozoan organisms or by other environmental factor | Enteritis |
| What is inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin, involving any part of the GI tract; commonly involving the terminal ileum, with scarring and thickening of the bowel wall | Regional enteritis/Crohn's Disease |
| What is a common infection of the lumen of the small intestine that is caused by the flagellate protozoan which is spread by contaminated food and drink | Giardiasis |
| What is an obstruction of the small intestine | Ileus |
| Cessation of peristalsis. caused by infection, certain drugs, and postsurgical complications is what | Adynamic |
| What is Fairly common birth defect that is seen in the ileum of the small bowel | Meckel's Diverticulum |
| _____ means new growth, can be benign or malignant | Neoplasm |
| T/F Adenomas and leiomyomas are common benign tumors of the small intestine | True |
| T/F Lymphomas are the most common tumors of the small bowel | False |
| Type of malignant tumor that produce short and sharp napkin-ring defects within the lumen | Adenocarcinoma |
| Condition which patient’s GI tract is unable to process and absorb certain proteins and dietary fats is known as what | Sprue |
| Rare disorder of proximal small bowel that shows distorted loops of small intestine | Whipples Disease |
| What is the mAs of a PA Small bowel series | 4 mAs |
| Where do you center for a PA Small bowel series(15-30 minutes)? | 2” above Iliac Crest |
| Where is the centering point for a PA Small bowel(hourly)? | At the Iliac Crest |
| What is the kVp of a PA Small Bowel Series? | 125 kVp |
| Where is the CR for a PA Barium Enema? | At the Iliac Crest |
| What is the kV range for using single contrast? | 100-125 kV |
| What is the kV range for using double contrast? | 90-100 kV |
| Where is the CR of an RAO Barium Enema? | At the Iliac Crest and 1” left of the MSP |
| Where is the CR of an LAO Barium Enema? | 1-2” above Iliac Crest and 1” right of the MSP |
| Where is the CR of a RPO/LPO Barium Enema? | At Iliac Crest and lateral to elevated side of MSP |
| What is the mAs of a lateral decubitus barium enema? | 6 mAs |
| Central ray for a lateral decubitus barium enema is where? | At the iliac crest and MSP |
| State mAs for lateral rectum or ventral decubitus barium enema | 64 mAs |
| What is the CR of an AP axial barium enema? | 2” inferior ASIS and MSP |
| What is the angle for the AP axial BE? | 30-40 degrees |
| Where is the CR for an LPO axial BE? | 2” inferior ASIS and 2” medial ASIS |
| What is the mAs of a RAO projection BE? | 6 mAs |
| Where is the CR of RAO axial BE? | At ASIS and 2” left of Lumbar spinous process |
| Name 4 contraindications to laxative use prior to a BE? | Gross bleeding, severe diarrhea, obstruction, inflammatory conditions |
| What are types of classes of laxatives? | Cathartics, Purgatives, Irritant, Saline |
| An example of an Irritant is | Castor oil |
| Saline laxatives include | Magnesium Citrate or Magnesium Sulfate |
| T/F An Open System enema container is a pre-measured amount of barium sulfate in a disposable bag | False: Closed system |
| The normal range of weight-to-volume in a standard mixture of contrast is what? | 15-25% |
| Double contrast BE has a weight-to-volume concentration of what? | 75-95% |
| What is one way the large and small intestine are different? | Large intestine has larger internal diameter |
| T/F The small intestine contains many haustras. | False, Large intestine contains many haustras |
| Where is the large intestine located in the abdomen? | Around the periphery of abdominal wall |
| Where does the small intestine reside in the abdomen? | Located more central in the abdomen |
| Where does most of the digestion and absorption occur? | Small intestine |
| Where are most salts and 95% of water reabsorbed? | Small intestine |
| Name the primary function of the large intestine | Elimination of feces |
| What kind of function is digestion? | Chemical and Mechanical |
| What is taken up during absorption? | Nutrients, water, salts, and proteins |
| What is taken up during reabsorption? | Water and salts |
| Name 3 contraindications to contrasted studies of the intestinal tract. | Pre-surgery patients, possible perforation, bowel obstruction |
| What time intervals are used for radiographs for small bowels that lasts only 2 hours? | 15-30 minutes |
| What time intervals are used for radiographs for small bowels that last longer than 2 hours? | One hour intervals |
| What dilates the loops of small bowel while enhancing the mucosa visibility? | Double contrasted study |
| What does NPO mean? | Nothing by mouth |
| What is the patient prep for a small bowel exam? | NPO 8 hours beforehand |
| What is studied fluoroscopically at the end of the small bowel study? | Terminal ileum and ileocecal valve |
| To better see the loops of the bowel and create higher degree of visibility, what position should patient be in during small bowel exam? | Prone |
| What is the study that uses contrast to demonstrate the large intestine? | Barium Enema(BE) |
| Why isn’t a BE done when there is a chance of appendicitis? | Danger of possible perforation |
| Colitis is indicated how? | Thickening of mucosal wall and loss of haustral markings |
| Ulcerative colitis is indicated how? | “cobblestone” and possible “stovepipe” appearance |
| Diverticula is indicated how? | Barium filled circular defects projection outward from the colon wall, “saw tooth” appearance of the mucosa |
| How does Intussusception appear? | Mushroom shaped dilation at distal aspect of intussusception, very little barium or gas passing beyond it |
| How are neoplasms indicated? | Filling defects, narrowing of lumen, “apple-core” or “napkin-ring” lesions |
| What are the 2 purposes for a BE study? | Study the form and function |
| What modalities are used instead of a BE if appendicitis is present? | Ultrasound/CT |
| Duodenum is located in what quadrants? | LUQ and RUQ |
| Ileum is located in which quadrants? | LLQ, RUQ, RLQ |
| Jejunum is located in what quadrant? | LUQ, LLQ |
| Ileocecal valve is located in what quadrant? | RLQ |
| What makes up three fifths of the small intestine? | Ileum |
| How long is the Duodenum? | 10” |
| What part of the intestine has a feather appearance | Jejunum |
| What else is the right colic flexure also known as? | Hepatic Flexure |
| What else is the left colic flexure also known as? | Splenic Flexure |
| Which part of the large intestine is located between the rectum and descending colon? | Sigmoid Colon |
| Which part of the small intestine has the largest diameter? | Duodenum |
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