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Orange Review
Gastrointestinal System Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| rugae | microscopic longitudinal folds in the stomach, unfolds as stomach fills(mucus membranes in interior lining of stomach); secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes |
| accessory organs of the GI system | liver, pancreas, gallbladder |
| four divisions of the colon | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon |
| functions of the liver | produce bile; remove glucose from blood; store vitamins (B12,A,D,E&K); destroy/transform toxic products to less harmful; maintain normal glucose level; destroy old RBCs and release bilirubin; produce proteins that aid in blood clotting |
| three main components of large intestine | cecum, colon, rectum |
| three main parts of stomach | body, fundus, pylorus |
| two structure that form roof of mouth | hard palate, soft palate |
| medical term for mouth | oral cavity |
| another name for GI tract | alimentary canal |
| villi | microscopic finger-like projections in small intestine that absorb nutrients in chyme |
| where peristalsis occurs | GI tract (from pharynx to anus) |
| where digestion is completed | small intestine |
| what is volvulus | intestinal twisting that causes obstruction (life-threatening) |
| hemorrhoids | enlarged veins in the mucus membrane of the anal canal |
| causes of Hepatitis A | ingestion of contaminated food, water, or milk |
| diverticulitis | condition in which small blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine (may balloon through intestinal wall) |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory disease of large intestine and rectum; begins in rectum or sigmoid colon and extends upward into entire colon |
| where ulcers are commonly found | stomach (gastric ulcers), duodenum (duodenal ulcer) |
| where inguinal hernias develop | in groin where abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs |
| disorder associated with high risk of colon cancer | ulcerative colitis |
| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| deglutition | Act of swallowing |
| regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
| fecalith | fecal concentration |
| cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones |
| flatus | gas in the GI tract |
| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite, resulting in inability to eat |
| serum bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
| halitosis | offensive, or bad breath |
| melena | passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
| steatorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces |
| lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone |
| eructation | producing gas from the stomach |
| peristalsis | progressive, wave-like movement |
| upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) | radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine |
| lower gastrointestinal series | radiographic examination of the rectum and colon |
| cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder |
| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance |
| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver |
| obstipation | severe constipation |
| pyloric stenosis | stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
| anastamosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one another |
| aerophagia | swallowing air |
| ingest | to eat |
| hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| malabsorption | when nutrients are digested but not taken in by the intestinal tissues |
| oral leukoplakia | white pates that form on the tongue, lips, or cheek |
| Ba | barium |
| BaE, BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| CT | computed tomography |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| GB | gallbladder |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| PE | physical examination |
| PMH | past medical history |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| R/O | rule out |
| RGB | Roux-en-Y gastric bypass |
| STAT | immediately |
Created by:
DawnLangridge
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