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Bio Psych-Ch. 3
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| synapse | specialized gap between neurons |
| reflex | automatic musclar responses to stimuli |
| reflex arc | circuit from seneory neuron to muscle response |
| temporal summation | repeated stimuli within a brief time have cumulatives effect |
| postsynaptic neuron | cell that receives the message |
| presynaptic neuron | cell that delivers synaptic transmissions |
| excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) | graded depolarization |
| spatial summation | several synaptic inputs originating from separate locations combine their effects on a neuron |
| inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) | temporary hyperpolarization of a membrane |
| spontaneous firing rate | periodic production of action potentials |
| neurotransmitters | chemicals release by 1 neuron for a 2nd at the synapse |
| major catergories for neuro transmitters | amino acids; peptides; acetylcholine; monoamines; purines; gases; catecholamines |
| vesicles | tiny nearly spherical packets where high concentrations of NTs are stored |
| exocytsis | release of NTs in bursts from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft |
| ionotropic effects | NT binds and gates are immediately opened for some type of ions |
| metabotropic effects | initiate sequence of metabolic reactions which are slower and longer lasting |
| G-protein | activated when NT attaches; is a couple of guanosine triphosphates and activates 2nd messsenger |
| second messenger | communicates with areas within cell; open/closes ion channels; alters production of protein or activates a chromosome |
| neuronmodulators | peptide transmitters that decrease/increase the release of other NTs or alter postsynaptic cells response to other inputs |
| hormones | chemical secreted by glands and cells into the blood to organs and influence their function |
| acetylcholinesterase | enzyme that breaks down acetyl after activates receptor |
| reuptake | process where presynaptic neurons reasorb NTs and reuses them |
| transporters | membranes through which reuptake happens |
| autoreceptors | receptors that detect the amount of NTs released and inhibits further synthesis and release after it reaches a certain level |
| antagonist | drug that blocks effects of a NT |
| agonist | drug mimics or increases the effects of NT |
| affinity | likeness of a particular type of receptor |
| efficacy | drug's tenency to activate the receptor |
| nucleus accumbens | small subcortical area rich in dopamine receptors |
| stimulant | increases excitment, alertness, motor activity while elevating mood and decreasing fatigue; in most cases incr. DAs or inhibits their reuptake |
| nicotine | compound found in tobacco that stimulates 1 type of acetylcholine receptor; increases DA release in nuclease accumbens |
| opiates | drugs derived from opium poppy plant; relaxes and decreses sensitiveness to pain; uses same receptors as endorphins |
| marijuana | plant leaves that contains cannabinoids; increases sensory preception and slows down time; impairs memory |
| hallucinogens | drugs that distort preception; LSD stimulates seratonin and once stimulated hard to stop so effect is prolonged |
| Effector | part of complex protein that causes change in channel stucture |
| ionophore | receptor/effector complex |
| endogenous | drug-like chemicals found naturally in the bodyex. NTs and homromnes |
| exogenous | chemicals introduced form the outside such as nicotine |
Created by:
holmes1luvr89
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