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Psychology 101 #3

Psychology

TermDefinition
MOTIVATION A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
HOMEOSTASIS A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around a particular level.
SET POINT The point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When you body falls below, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight.
HYPOTHALAMUS A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
GLUCOSE The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard.
SOCIAL FACILITATION Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
PSYCHONEROIMMUNOLOGY The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.
CATHARSIS HYPOTHESIS In psychology, the idea that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy)relieves aggressive urges.
INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL The perception that you control your life.
EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate.
FEEL-GOOD, DO-GOOD PHENOMENON People's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.
ADAPTION-LEVEL PHENOMENON Our tendency to form judgments 9of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.
RELATIVE DEPRIVATION The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.
POLYGRAPH TEST A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion.
FACIAL FEEDBACK EFFECT The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings, such as fear, anger, or happiness.
PERSONALITY An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY View personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences.
PSYCHOANALYSIS 1.Sigmund Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. 2.Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders.
UNCONSCIOUS According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.
FREE ASSOCIATION In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says what ever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
PROJECTIVE TESTS A personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics.
HUMANISTIC THEORY View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth.
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES A questionnaire (often with true/false or agree/disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to asses selected personality traits.
Created by: rebecca96
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