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Psychology 101 #3
Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| MOTIVATION | A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. |
| HOMEOSTASIS | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around a particular level. |
| SET POINT | The point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When you body falls below, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight. |
| HYPOTHALAMUS | A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. |
| GLUCOSE | The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
| ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION | A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard. |
| SOCIAL FACILITATION | Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. |
| PSYCHONEROIMMUNOLOGY | The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health. |
| CATHARSIS HYPOTHESIS | In psychology, the idea that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy)relieves aggressive urges. |
| INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL | The perception that you control your life. |
| EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL | The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate. |
| FEEL-GOOD, DO-GOOD PHENOMENON | People's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood. |
| ADAPTION-LEVEL PHENOMENON | Our tendency to form judgments 9of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. |
| RELATIVE DEPRIVATION | The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. |
| SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. |
| PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. |
| POLYGRAPH TEST | A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion. |
| FACIAL FEEDBACK EFFECT | The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings, such as fear, anger, or happiness. |
| PERSONALITY | An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
| PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY | View personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. |
| PSYCHOANALYSIS | 1.Sigmund Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. 2.Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. |
| UNCONSCIOUS | According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. |
| FREE ASSOCIATION | In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says what ever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. |
| PROJECTIVE TESTS | A personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics. |
| HUMANISTIC THEORY | View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth. |
| PERSONALITY INVENTORIES | A questionnaire (often with true/false or agree/disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to asses selected personality traits. |