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Chap 22
Collective Behavior and social movements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Collective Behavior | Behavior that occurs when the usual conventions are suspended and people collectively establish new norms of behavior in response to an emerging situation |
| Collective preoccupations | forms of collective behavior wherein many people over a relatively broad social spectrum engage in similar behavior and have a shared definition of their behavior as needed to bring social change or to identify their place in the society |
| Competition theory | an explanation of riots as resulting from conflicts between groups who compete for limited resources |
| Contagion theory | the idea from Gustave LeBon, that people in crowds are highly suggestible and that the crowd takes on a single way of acting and thinking |
| Convergence theory | a theory of rioting that focuses on the participants and presupposes that rioters are acting on predispositions and attitudes |
| Craze | form of collective behavior with very intense involvement for participants |
| Emergent norm theory | theory of collective behavior postulating that, when people are faced with an unusual situation, they create meanings that define and direct the situation |
| Expressive crowds | crowds whose primary function is the release or expression of emotion |
| Fad | form of collective behavior that involves a novel, though usually short lived, change |
| Fashion | form of collective behavior wherein something novel is introduced into society |
| Frame | schemes of interpretation that allow people in groups to perceive, identify and label events within their lives that can become the basis for collective action |
| Hysterical contagion | collective phenomenon wherein symptoms of an illness spread among a group, even though there is no physiological disease present |
| Mobilization | the process by which social movements and their leaders secure people and resources for the movement |
| New social movement theory | a theory about social movements linking culture, ideology, and identity conceptually to explain how new identities are forged within social movements |
| Personal transformation movements | social movements that aim to change the individual |
| Political process theory | explanation of social movements positing that movements achieve success by exploiting a combination of internal factors |
| Radical movements | social movements that seek fundamental change in the structure of society |
| Reactionary movements | social movements organized to resist change or to reinstate an earlier social order that participants perceive to be better |
| Reform movements | social movements that seek change through legal or other mainstream political means, by working within existing institutions |
| Resource mobilization theory | theory of how social movements develop that focuses on how movements gain momentum by successful garnering organizational resources |
| Scapegoating | process whereby a group collectively identifies another group as a threat to there perceived social order and incorrectly blames the other group for problems they have not causes |
| Social change movements | movements that aim to change some aspect of society |
| Social Movement | a group that acts with some continuity and organization to promote or resist change in society |
| Transnational social movement | a social movement whose organization crosses national boundaries |
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