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Final Exam St.Guide
VMS Final Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a characteristic of acids? | They turn blue litmus paper red. |
| What is a likely use for a base? | Making soaps and detergents |
| The pH scale measures _____? | the concentration of hydrogen ions |
| Magnesium bromide is an ionic compound with the chemical formula MgBr2. What does the "2" tell you? | There are two bromide ions for every magnesium ion. |
| When an atom loses an electron, it becomes _____? | a positive ion |
| An ionic bond is the attraction between ______. | Oppositely charged ions. |
| A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a(n) ____ bond. | covalent bond |
| Electrons involved in bonding between atoms are ______ electrons. | valence electrons |
| What are the products of photosynthesis? | oxygen and sugars |
| What happens during photosynthesis? | the cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food |
| What happens during cellular respiration? | glucose is broken down, releasing energy |
| The stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the _______. | Mitochondria |
| Each rung of the DNA ladder is made of ___. | a single pair of nitrogen bases. |
| Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria? | they convert energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use. |
| How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant or animal cell? | it does not have a nucleus. |
| Which organelles release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones? | Lysosomes |
| Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called___. | Starches |
| A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler elements is a(n) _____. | Element |
| When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n) _____. | Compound |
| Chemistry is ____________________. | the study of matter and how matter changes. |
| What type of reaction is FeS + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2S? | Double replacement reaction |
| In chemical reactions, what does the principle of conservation of mass mean? | Matter is not created nor destroyed. |
| A bottle of hydrogen peroxide that eventually turns into a bottle of water and oxygen gas is an example of ______. | a decomposition reaction |
| How can you determine if a chemical reaction is balanced? | If the total number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, it is balanced. |
| A chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat is described as _____. | Endothermic |
| In a chemical equation, numbers often appear in front of a chemical formula. These numbers tell you the ______. | number of molecules or atoms of each substance in the reaction. |
| The number placed below an element's symbol in a chemical formula is called a ______. | Subscript |
| Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called ____. | Shearing |
| The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion are called _____. | P waves |
| The build-up of charges on an object is called _______. | Static electricity |
| An electric current will always follow ____. | the path of least resistance. |
| In a series circuit with three bulbs, adding another will _____. | make all the bulbs dimmer. |
| Factors that control traits are called ______. | genes |
| Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a ______. | Hybrid |
| What does the notation TT mean to geneticists? | two dominant alleles |
| What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists? | one dominant allele and one recessive allele |
| What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants? | three in four |
| What does a Punnett square show? | all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| An organism's physical appearance is its____. | Phenotype |
| What happens during meiosis? | Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells. |
| When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each cell will contribute ____. | half the number of chromosomes in body cells. |
| The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which______. | amino acids are put together to form a protein. |
| What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? | Copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm. |
| What does transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? | Carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein. |
| Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being? | XY |
| Creating human insulin to treat people with diabetes is an example of _____. | Genetic engineering |
| Speed equals distance divided by ____. | Time |
| The rate at which velocity changes is called _____. | Acceleration |
| A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion is called a _____. | Reference point |
| The genetic material of a virus is found in its ______. | Core |
| A virus's proteins are important because they _______. | help the virus attach to its host. |
| What characteristic of viruses makes them useful in gene therapy? | Their ability to enter cells |
| Which shape describes some bacterial cells? | Spiral |
| Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells? | Genetic material |
| Viruses are considered to be non-living because they ______. | do not show all the characteristics of life. |
| A hidden virus becomes ______. | part of the host cell's genetic material. |
| Cells that have a central nucleus and a complicated inner structure are considered ____. | Eukaryotic |
| Cells that do not have a cell nucleus are considered ____. | Prokaryotic |
| What part of the cell transports materials throughout the cell? | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| The many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n) _______. | Food web |
| A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web is called a(n) ______. | Energy pyramid |
| In an energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy? | Producer level |
| A group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is called a(n) ______. | Biome |
| An organism that can make its own food is called a ______. | Producer/autotroph |
| The place where an organism lives and that provides the things an organism needs is called its ______. | Habitat |
| The smallest unit of ecological organization is a single _______. | Organism |
| An organism's particular role in its habitat, or how it makes its living, is called its ____. | Niche |
| A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is called ___. | Symbiosis |
| The non-living parts of an ecosystem are called _______ factors. | Abiotic |
| All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n) _____. | Community |
| The study of how things interact with each other and with their environment is called ____. | Ecology |
| The levels of organization for living things from smallest to largest :______. | Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
Created by:
bwise
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