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NWHSU CNS Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which regions of the cerebellum include the fastigial nucleus? | Vestibulocerebellum and Spinocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum has afferents which include the dorsal spinocerebellar tract? | Spinocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum is phylogenically the oldest portion? | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum is the most important region for fine motor control? | Pontocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum have efferents which terminate on the red nucleus? | Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum, in general, affects muscles on the same side of the body? | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, and Pontocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum influence the motor cortices? | Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum has pathology which likely results in truncal ataxia and nystagmus? | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum is especially important in large motor stereotyped movements? | Spinocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum influences lower motor neurons by the reticulospinal tracts? | Vestibulocerebellum and Spinocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum receives afferents from the nucleus dorsalis? | Spinocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum receives the vast majority of its input directly from the cerebral cortex? | Pontocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum has afferents which include cuneocerebellar fibers? | Spinocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum has a deep nucleus which receives inhibitory afferents from the cortex/purkinje cells? | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, and Pontocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum have efferents which decussate in the superior cerebellar peduncle? | Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum affect the lower motor neurons by the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts? | Vestibulocerebellum and Spinocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum have a function which could be affected by a lesion in the internal capsule? | Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum affect the lower motor neurons through the rubrospinal tract? | Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum have granule cells of the cortex which receive mossy fibers? | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, and Pontocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum includes the dentate nucleus? | Pontocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum includes the interposed nucleus (globose/emboliform)? | Spinocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum affect the lower motor neurons by the corticospinal tract? | Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebellum |
| Which regions of the cerebellum affect the lower motor neurons by the lateral vestibulospinal tract? | Vestibulocerebellum and Spinocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum if disturbed can result in speech problems? | Pontocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum receives afferents from the lateral cuneate nucleus? | Spinocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum affects the lower motor neuron by the medial longitudinal fasciculus? | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum is roughly equivalent to the archicerebellum? | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum receives climbing fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus? | Pontocerebellum |
| Which region of the cerebellum receives afferents directly from the maculae | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: parasympathetic to the heart | Nucleus Ambiguus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: parasympathetic to the ileum | Dorsal Motor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: fibers terminate on the pterygopalantine ganglion | Superior Salivatory/Lacrimal Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: sensory nuclei supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery | Cochlear Nucleus, Vestibular Nucleus, Nucleus of the Spinotrigeminal Tract, and Nucleus Solitarius (inferior portion) |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives afferents from the ipsilateral lateral gaze center | Abducens nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: parasympathetic fibers join the glossopharyngeal nerve | Inferior Salivatory nucleus and Nucleus Ambiguus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: motor to skeletal muscle of the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus | Nucleus Ambiguus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives chemoreceptor and baroreceptor afferents | Nucleus Solitarius (inferior portion) |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives afferents from the pretectal nuclei | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives taste afferents | Nucleus Solitarius (superior/rostral portion) |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: supplied by the anterior spinal artery | Hypoglossal Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: parasympathetic to the stomach | Dorsal Motor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives afferents from the tongue | Nucleus of the Spinotrigeminal Tract and Nucleus Solitarius (superior portion) |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives afferents from the fastigial nucleus | Vestibular Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: fibers terminate on the inferior colliculus | Cochlear Nuclei (Ventral and Dorsal) |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: fibers terminate on the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus | Vestibular Nucleus and Nucleus Solitarius (superior portion) |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives fibers from the pretectal nucleus in the papillary light response | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nuclei described: efferent fibers join the glossopharyngeal nerve | Nucleus Ambiguus and Inferior Salivatory Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives cortical afferents only from the contralateral cortex | Facial Motor Nucleus (lower half) |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives afferents from the contralateral lateral gaze center | Oculomotor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: innervates the muscles derived from arch I | Trigeminal Motor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: innervates the ciliary body and sphincter papillae | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nuclei described: receives afferents from the hypothalamus | Nucleus Ambiguus, Inferior Salivatory Nucleus, Superior Salivatory/Lacrimal Nucleus, Dorsal Motor Nucleus, and Edinger-Westphal Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives afferents from the trigeminal nerve | Nucleus of the Spinotrigeminal Tract and Chief Sensory Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: motor to muscles derived from arches III and IV | Nucleus Ambiguus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: fibers pass posterior to the abducens nucleus | Facial Motor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nuclei described: located at the same brainstem level as the superior colliculus | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus and Oculomotor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: located at the same brainstem level as the inferior colliculus | Trochlear Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: efferent to bilateral muscles | Oculomotor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: projects to the left superior oblique muscle | Right Trochlear Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: located only in the mid pons close to the Chief Sensory Nucleus of V | Trigeminal Motor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: receives afferents from the superior colliculus | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nuclei described: receive afferents from the facial nerve | Nucleus Solitarius (Superior/Rostral portion) and Nucleus of the Spinotrigeminal Tract |
| Name the cranial nuclei described: receive afferents from the left lateral gaze center | Left Abducens Nucleus and Right Oculomotor Nucleus |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: parasympathetic to the duodenum | Dorsal Motor Nucleus of X |
| Name the cranial nucleus described: efferent fibers pass betweeen the olive and the pyramid | Hypoglossal Nucleus |
| Name the motor condition which is a hyperkinetic autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by widespread destruction of the basal nuclei and the cerebrum | Huntington's Chorea |
| Name the motor condition which is a hypokinetic disease characterized by slow movements, increased muscle tone, loss of facial expression, delayed initiation, and pill rolling tremor | Parkinson's Disease |
| Name the motor condition characterized by truncal ataxia and nystagmus | Flucculonodular Syndrome |
| Name the motor condition characterized by violent, involuntary flailing movements resulting from a lesion in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus | Hemiballismus |
| Name the motor condition characterized by involuntary movements of the tongue and face induced by antipsychotic drugs | Tardive Dyskinesia |
| Name the motor condition which may develop following rheumatic fever | Syndenham's Chorea |
| Name the motor condition characterized by increased muscle tone and decreased voluntary movements | Hypokinesia (Parkinson's Disease) |
| Name the motor condition characterized by a decrease in olfactory sense which may precede diagnosis by up to 4 years | Parkinson's Disease |
| In general, purkinje cell axons of the cerebellum terminate on the _______ where they have an __________ response. | deep nuclei; inhibitory |
| Vestibular nuclei project to: a)extraocular nuclei by the ____________ b)the ____________ nucleus of the thalamus for conscious awareness | a)medial longitudinal fasciculus b)ventral posterior medial |
| Deafness in the right ear is most likely caused by a problem located in the ___________. | Peripheral right ear, inner ear, organ of Corti |
| Receptive aphasia may result from an occlusion in the ____________. | Left middle cerebral artery |
| As an example of descending auditory fibers, the _____________ projects to the organ of Corti. | superior olivary nucleus |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the medial geniculate receives information from the ______________ and projects to areas _______ | right and left inferior colliculus; 41,42 |
| Which two descending motor tracts terminating only in the cervical cord are important for coordination of head and eye position? | Medial Vestibulospinal Tract and Tectospinal Tract |
| Which sensory epithelium senses linear acceleration and deceleration. | Maculae |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the right inferior colliculus receives afferents from the ________________ and sends information to the ____________. | Right and Left Ventral and Dorsal Cochlear Nuclei; Right Medial Geniculate |
| Which accessory auditory nucleus is required for the ability to discern distance and direction? | Superior Olivary Nucleus |
| What nuclei forms the paleostriatum? | Globus Pallidus |
| Location of pathology which results in Parkinson's Disease | Substantia Nigra |
| Name the descending tracts by which the vestibulocerebellum affects the neurons listed: a) Extraocular nuclei b) Lower motor neuron of lumbosacral spinal cord. | a) Medial longitudinal fasciculus b) Lateral vestibulospinal tract |
| A person has a vascular lesion which gives signs and symptoms of both basal nuclear and pontocerebellar dysfunctions. Give the most likely locations of lesions. | Anterior limb of the internal capsule |
| Dizziness and deafness in the right ear can result from a problem with which nerve? | Right vestibulocochlear Nerve |
| What sensory epithelium responds to rotary movements of the head? | Crista Ampularis |
| In general, information from the macula projects to the _______ portion of area 17. | posterior |
| What is characteristic of disturbances in the vestibular system? | Truncal ataxia and nystagmus |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the right inferior colliculus projects to the ___________. | Right medial geniculate |
| (True/False?) The fovea centralis is the area of highest visual acuity and contains only cones. | True |
| What nucleus lies adjacent to the anterior limb of the internal capsule? | Caudate nucleus |
| The left lateral lemniscus is formed by fibers originating on ____________. | Dorsal and Ventral Cochlear Nuclei |
| The two cell layers that separate in a detached retina are ____________. | Pigment layer and photoreceptor layer |
| Why is the fovea contralis the area of highest visual acuity? | It has only cones with no vessels and no convergence |
| In the basic auditory pathway for conscious awareness, the right cochlear nuclei project to ______________. | Right and left inferior colliculus |
| A person suffering unilateral hearing loss due to vascular lesion. Also includes deficits in general sensation to head and body. Which artery is affected? | Posterior inferior cerebellar artery |
| The basilar membrane in the apical portion of the organ of Corti vibrates maximally to __________. | low frequencies |
| The lamellae of rods contain ________. | Rhodopsin |
| Which reticular nuclei are required for conjugate eye movement? | Abducens Nucleus and Oculomotor Nucleus |
| In which direction to eyes move with stimulation of right area 8? | To the left |
| A person develops a dramatic increase in appetite with weight gain and changes in behavior and rage. Which is the site of lesion? | Hypothalamus |
| Dislocation of the uncus may occlude the ________. | Posterior cerebral artery |
| In general, olfactory areas send information to ______. | Limbic areas |
| Ganglion cells of the retina receive afferents from the _______ neurons in the retina. | bipolar |
| Ganglion cells of the retina terminate on the ____________ for eye movement. | superior colliculus |
| Ganglion cells of the retina terminate on the ____________ in the pathway for pupillary dilation in response to light. | hypothalamus |
| Ganglion cells of the retina terminate on the ____________ in the pathway for consensual pupillary light response. | superior colliculus |
| Ganglion cells of the retina terminate on the ____________ in the pathway for conscious visual awareness. | lateral geniculate |
| Afferents to the right dentate nucleus: excitatory stimuli from the ____________ and __________ by the inferior cerebellar peduncle. | left inferior olivary nuclei; left arcuate nuclei |
| Afferents to the right dentate nucleus: excitatory stimuli from the ___________ by the middle cerebellar peduncle. | left pontine nuclei |
| Afferents to the right dentate nucleus: inhibitory stimuli from ____________ located in the _____________. | purkinje cells; pontocerebellar cortex |
| Ganglion cells axons terminate on the __________ in the pathway for vision. | lateral geniculate |
| Ganglion cell axons terminate on the ___________ in the pathway for pupillary dilation. | hypothalamus |
| Ganglion cell axons terminate on the ___________ in the pathway for pupillary constriction. | superior colliculus |
| Ganglion cell axons terminate on the ___________ for endocrine responses to light. | hypothalamus |
Created by:
ccasper09
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