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Psychology midterm
Psychology 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Critical Thinking | Require evidence before you know its true |
| Skeptic | Believe anything that is proven true. |
| Structulism | Identify basic elements. Studied by Edward Bradford Ticher. |
| Functalism | Understanding the functions of adaptive purpose of our thoughts, feelings and behavior. Studied by William James |
| Behaviorism | To uncover the general principals of learning that explains all behavior. Studied by B.F Skinner |
| Cognitivism | To examine the role of mental process on behavior. Studied by Piaget and Ulric Neisser. |
| Psychoanalysis | To uncover the role of unconscious, psychological processes and early life experiences in behavior. Studied by Sigmund Freud. |
| Clinical psychology | Trained in diagnosing people. |
| Counseling psychology | Works with people because of traumatic event. Can not diagnosis. |
| Developmental Psychology | Interest how behavior changes over life span. |
| Experimental Psychology | Use experiments to research memory, Language, thinking, and social behaviors. |
| Nature vs Nurture | Nature is in our genes. Nurture is environment growing up. |
| Freewill vs determination | Freewill is we do things on our own. Determination is caused by factor not by our control |
| Correlational design | Research design that examines the exent to which two variables are associated. |
| Variable | Anything that can vary. |
| Negative correlation | As the value of one variable changes. |
| Random Assignment | Having equal group and should be different people. |
| Manipulation of Independent variable | What we are changing between the two groups. |
| Correlational experiments | Can show what works. |
| Statistics | Application of mathematics to describing and analyzing data. |
| Descriptive Statistics | Central tendency. Variability - How different scores are from each other. |
| Variability measure | How loosely or tightly bunch scores are. |
| Standard deviation | Take info account how for each data point is from the mean. |
| Range | The difference between the highest and the lowest score. |
| Biological Psychology A.K.A Neuroscentist | Researchers who study the relationship between the nervous system and behavior. |
| Axons | Sends messages through terminal branches to other neurons, muscle, or gland. |
| Dendrites | Picks up axon pulse and sends it to the cell body. |
| Gilial cells | Response to injury. Formation of myelin and the blood brain barrier. Removes debris. Enhances learning and memory. |
| Glutamate | Speed things up. |
| Gaba | Slow things down. Decreases anxiety. |
| Seratone | Regulates mood, good mood. |
| Dopamine | Motor function and reward. |
| Endorphins | Reducing pain and promotes pleasure. |
| Occipital | Vision |
| Parietal | Touch or perception |
| Temporal | Hearing, behind ears |
| Frontal | Memory, high order thinking |
| pineal Gland | Release and puts you to sleep ar night. |
| Selective Attention | Your conscious focusing on one thing. |
| Selective inattentin | Not noticing heats happening while focusing on something else. |
| Cocktail party | Focusing on your conversion while others are going on around. |
| Inattention Blindness | Our attention is focus, we miss seeing what others may think is obvious to see. |
| NREM-1 | Experience fantastic images known as hallucinations. Might feel it. |
| NREM-2 | Last 20min. Can sill be awake. Now asleep. |
| NREM-3 | Lat 30min. Hard to be awaken. |
| REM | Vivid dreaming happens. Increases as we sleep longer. |
| Manifest Content | The Symbol of the dream |
| Latent Content | What the dream really means. |
| Drugs | Alter our consciousness, Builds tolerance and you expect more from the effect |
| Withdraw | Stopping and your body is not use to it making it painful. |
| Abusing drugs | Having a negative consequences and do not think have to have. |
| Dependence | After abusing. Try to stop but can't. Fail to regulate using. Keeps using it even if your life falls apart. |
| Physical dependence | Your body needs it and has to adjust. |
| Psychological dependence | You feel like you need to loose you up. |
| Depressants | Slows things down and depress things. Look like you are faster but loses your ambition. |
| Alcohol | Behavior patterns vary. Takes longer to react.. Disrupt REM sleep and learning. Causes you to do things you don't usually do. Become aggressive. You can drink til you are hospitalized. |
| opiates | Slow down neuro activity and reduces anxiety. Makes you feel really good. The worse withdraw especially with heroine. |
| Stimults | breath faster and makes your heart beat faster. |
| Caffeine | Gives energy. Takes away 3-4hours of sleep. Causes inability of concentration, headaches, depression, and fatigue. |
| Nicotine | Releases dopamine, energy, and painkilling. Stopping is hard and can cause insomnia, anxiety, distractibility and inability. |
| Cocaine | Most powerful stimuli. Blocks dopamine, serotoin, and norepinephrine. Causes euphoria and is very short. Only 45mins. Hard when withdrawing. |
| Mrthamphetamine | Worse drug to do. Eight hours of euphoria and energy. Releases dopamine and causes depression Causes seizures, violence hypertension, and sucide. Can become consuming and never feel good again. |
| Ecstasy.MDMA | Increase dopamine and serotine. Causes euphoria, hallucinations, and social connection. Slows thinking and impair memory. |
| LSD | Interferes with seotin. Can cause hallucinations and sensation. Does not come through senses. |
| Marijuana | SAme as alcohol but people don't become aggressive. Can't sense that you are full. Most illegal drug used in America. |
| Sensation | Picking up information from the environment. |
| Perception | The brains interpertation of the info going into our sense. Knowing what it is. |
| Transduction | Turning the info into neuron impulse. |
| Reception | Receiving the information. |
| Transmission | Taking the information into our brains. |
| Absolute Thereshold | The low level of stimulus intensity. |
| Subliminal | Anything under threshold . |
| Top down | Your brain knows what it is. Seeing things when given clues. |
| Bottom up | Taking the information and then put into a place. |
| Perceptional set | What we expect to see that influences what we do see. |
| Trichromatic theory | We have three primary colors that are blue, green, red. People who are color blind are believed to be missing those cones. |
| Opponent process theory | We see the colors pairs after we see the other color. |
| Linear perspective | Seem further away because they are in the distance and they converge. |
| Unconditional stimulus | A stimulus that unconditionally-naturally and automatically triggers a response. |
| Unconditioned Response | A unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus. |
| condition stimulus | an originally irrelevant stimulus that. after association with unconditioning stimulus come to trigger a conditioned response. |
| Condition response | A learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus. |
| Acquisition | Requiring the learning. |
| Extinction | Unlearning |
| Punishment | Outcome or consquense of a behavior that weakens the probability of the behavior. |
| Reinforcement | Outcome or consequences of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior. |
| Operant Conditioning | Changing behavior because of consequences. |
| Classical Conditioning | One thing happens we expect another will happen. |
| Cognitive Conditioning | Learning through observation. |
| Positive Reinforcement | You present something that makes you do it again. |
| Negative Reinforcement | Taking something away to increase a behavior. |
| Positive Punishment | You ADD something unpleasant/aversive. |
| Negative Punishment | You take away something pleasant/desired. |
| Continuous Reinforcement | Giving a reward every single time. Quicker to learn. |
| Partial/intermittent Reinforcement | The reward takes longer to be acquired. Longer ro learn |
| Ratio | The certain number of instance until reward. |
| Interval | Base on how much times has gone by. |
| Fixed Ratio | The number is fixed |
| Variable Ratio | Not always going to be the same number. There will be a average. |
| Fixed interval | The amount of time pass before it happens. Then gets reinforce. |
| Variable Interval | A period of time has to pass but your not sure what it is. |
| Mirror Neurons | Cause you to feel empathy. |
| Encoding | The information goes into the brain. |
| Storage | Where we store it. |
| Retrieval | Take memory out. |
| Short term memory (Working Memory) | Solve problems in math. Have to keep rehearsing. |
| Echoic | Autotory and is 3 To 5 secs. |
| Iconic | Visional/ 20th of a sec. Type of sensory. |
| Chunking | Putting words together to take up less space. |
| Mass Practice | Cramming |
| Distributed (Spacing effect) | You do the same amount of study each night. |
| Long term memory | Infinite. Can always squeeze more. |
| Flash bulb memory | Emotionally intense event is burned into our memory. |
| Recall | Bringing up information yourself. Filling in a blank on a test. |
| Recognition | Recognizing what the right answer is. Multiple choice test. |
| Relearning | Learning again quickly because done in past. |
| Priming | The concept of what you are doing comes up when you are doing it. |
| Tip of the tongue (Retrieval Failure) | Feel like you remember, but just can not get it. |
| Interference proactive | Old information is interfering with new information |
| Retroactive | The new information interfering with the old. |
| Misinformation effect | Information misleading by use of word. Memory altered. |
| Implant Memory | You being told something that can not be remembered because it did not happen. |
| infantile amnesia effect | You do not remember anything before 3 years old. |
| Trichromatic theory colors | Red, Green, Blue |
| Opponent process theory colors | Black:White, Red:Green, Blue:Yellow |
| Positive Correlational | 3 causes is A-B, IC-Murders or B-A Murder-Ic |
| Experimental | 1. 2 groups, control group experimental. 2. Random assignment into 2 groups. Equal groups. 3. Cause and effect. |
| Independent Variable | What you are changing. |
| Dependendent | Depends on the level of independent Variable. |
| Negative correlation | Smoke more health goes down. |
| Drinking coffee makes me have to pee. Soon, even the smell of coffee makes me have to pee. | Neutral stimulus:Should not cause pee. Unconditional Stimulus:Drinking coffee. Unconditional Response:Pee Conditional Stimulus:Smelling Coffee, Conditional Response:Pee |
Created by:
baileythegr8
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