Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
USMLE
New FA Micro 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemical composition of spore? | keratin-like coat; dipicolinic acid - provides resistance to heat, dehydration, and chemicals |
| what is a pilus made out of? | glycoprotein |
| location of exotoxin genes? | plasmid or bacteriophage |
| location of endotoxin genes? | bacterial chromosome |
| which is antigenic - exotoxin or endotoxin? | exotoxin |
| both of these bugs inactivate EF-2 | corynebacterium, pseudomonas (exotoxin A) |
| how do you distinguish staph epidermidis from staph saprophyticus | epidermidis - novobiocin sensitive, saprophyticus - novobiocin resistant |
| another name for group A beta hemolytic strep? | strep pyogenes |
| another name for group B beta hemolytic strep? | strep agalactiae |
| which is bile soluble - strep pneumo or strep viridans? | strep pneumo |
| oxidase positive non-lactose fermenter? | pseudomonas |
| oxidase-negative non-lactose fermenters? | shigella, salmonella, proteus |
| positive quellung reaction indicates what? | presence of a capsule (strep pneumo, h. flu, neisseria meningitidis, klebsiella) |
| prokaryotes with axial filaments | spirochets - borrelia, leptospira, treponema |
| type of strep that can cause glomerulonephritis? | strep pyogenes - bacitracin sensitive |
| strep strains that cause scarlet fever contain what compared to strains that don't? | phage |
| coagulase negative, non-hemolytic, novobiocin sensitive? | staph epidermidis |
| mechanism of amantadine? | blocks viral penetration/uncoating; may buffer pH of endosome. also causes the release of dopamine from intact nerve terminals |
| clinical use of amantadine? | prophylaxis and treatment for influenza A; Parkinson's disease |
| toxicity of amantadine? | ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech |
| mehcanism of zanamivir, oseltamivir? | inhibit influenza neuraminidase |
| clinical use of zanamivir & oseltamivir? | both influenza A & B |
| mechanism of ribavirin? | inhibits synthesis of gruanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase |
| clinical use of ribavirin? | RSV, chronic hepatitis C |
| toxicity of ribavirin? | hemolytic anemia, severe teratogen |
| mechanism of acyclovir? | preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase when phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase; guanine analog |
| clinical use of acyclovir? | HSV, VZV, EBV; mucocutaneous and genital herpes lesions; prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients |
| toxicity of acyclovir? | delerium, tremor, nephrotoxicity |
| mechanism of ganciclovir? | phosphorylation by viral kinase; preferentially inhibits CMV DNA polymerase |
| clinical use of ganciclovir? | CMV, especially in immunocompromised patients |
| toxicity of ganciclovir? | leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity; more toxic to host enzymes then acyclovir |
| mechanism of foscarnet? | viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that binds to the pyrophosphate binding site of the enzyme; does not require action by viral kinase |
| clinical use of foscarnet? | CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients when ganciclovir fails; acyclovir-resistant HSV |
| toxicity of foscarnet? | nephrotoxicity, hypoglycemia, hypomagnesia |
| saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, and amprenavir are what type of drugs? | protease inhibitors - used in HIV therapy |
| mechanism of protease inhibitors? | inhibit assembly of new virus by blocking protease enzyme |
| toxicity of protease inhibitors? | GI intolerance (nausea, diarrhea), hyperglycemia, lipid abnormalities |
| protease inhibitor that can cause thrombocytopenia? | indinavir |
| zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, and abacavir are what type of drug? | nucleoside RT inhibitors |
| nevirapine, delaviridine, and efavirenz are what type of drug? | non-nucleoside RT inhibitors |
| mechanism of reverse transcriptase inhibitors? | preferentially inhibit RT of HIV; prevent incorporation of viral genome into host DNA |
| toxicity of RT inhibitors? | bone marrow suppression (neutropenia, anemia), peripheral neuropathy |
| what type of reverse transcriptase inhibitors can cause lactic acidosis? | nucleosides - zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, and abacavir |
| what type of RT inhibitors can cause rash? | non-nucleosides -nevirapine, delaviridine, and efavirenz |
| nucleoside RT inhibitor that can cause megaloblastic anemia? | AZT (zidovudine) |
| what HIV drug is used during pregnancy to reduce the risk of fetal transmission? | AZT |
| interferon-alpha is used for what? | chronic hepatitis B andC, Kaposi's sarcoma |
| interferon beta is used in what disease? | MS |
| interferon gamma is used in what disease? | NADPH oxidase deficiency |
| toxicity of interferons? | neutropenia |
| these are glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis | interferons |
| drug used for giardiasis, amebic dysentery, bacterial vaginitis, trichomonas? | metronidazole |
| drug used for giant roundworm (asarcis), hookworm (necator/ancylostoma), and pinworm (enterobius)? | pyrantel pamoate |
| drug used for trematode/fluke (schistosomes, paragnimus, clornorchis), and cysticercosis? | praziquantel |
| drug used for cestode/tapeworm (e.g. diphyllobothrium latum, taenia species) infections except cysticercosis? | niclosamide |
| drug used for onchocerciasis? | ivermectin (rIVER blindness) |
| drug used for nematode/roundworm (e.g. pinworm, whipworm) infections? | mebendazole/thiabendazole |
| block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking | penicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, imipenem, aztreonam, cephalosporins |
| block peptidoglycan synthesis | bacitracin, vancomycin, cycloserine |
| disrupt bacterial/fungal cell membranes | polymyxins |
| disrupt fungal cell membranes | amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole/azoles |
Created by:
Asclepius
Popular USMLE sets