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Genetics

Genetics in science

TermDefinition
Hybrid an organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
Purebred the offspring of many generations that have the same traits.
Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
Offspring The child of an organism
Gene the set of information that controls a trait.
Alleles The different forms of a gene
Dominant Allele The allele that has more power over the other.
Recessive Allele The allele that has less power over the other.
homozygous Allele An organism that has 2 of the same alleles.
Heterozygous Allele An organism that has 2 different alleles.
Genotype The genetic constitution of an individual organism
Phenotype The set of observable characteristics of and individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
genetics The scientific study of heredity.
punnet square Is a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
Codominance The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring.
Fertilizaiton The joining of an egg and sperm cell.
Meiosis Is the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
Haploid Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Diploid Having two complete sets of chromosomes.
Pedigree A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
karyotype A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs.
Genetic disorder An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is a male or female.
Sex-linked gene A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.
Carrier A person who has one recessive for the trait bur does not have the trait.
Inbreeding A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed.
Hybridization A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed.
clone An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.
Genetic engineering The transfer of a gene from the dna of one organism into another organism in order to produce an organism with desired traits.
Gene Therapy The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with genetic disorder in attempt to correct the disorder.
multiple alleles three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
Cystic Fibrosis A genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines.
sickle-cell disease A disease where blood cells develop a sickle shape.
Hemophilia A genetic disorder in which their blood clots very slowly or not at all.
Down Syndrome When a person's chromosomes have an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Geneticist A person that studies genetics
Genetic counseling Genetic counselors help couples understand their chances of having a child with a specific disorder.
Insulin Insulin is a protein that people with diabetes need.
Genome Is all the DNA in one cell of an organism.
Created by: hmurpy
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