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Blood,Lymph&Immune
Blue Module Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe platelets | -thrombocytes -cell fragments -initiate blood clotting -smallest formed elements found in the blood -hemostasis |
| Describe red blood cells | -erythrocytes -transport O2 and CO2 -most numerous circulating blood cells -during erythropoiesis they decrease in size -shaped in biconcave disks -develop Hb/Hgb (gives them their red colour) -Hb carries O2 to body tissue and exchanges it for CO2 |
| Describe the spleen | -acts as a filter -resembles a lymph node -Destroys old RBCs -stores healthy blood cells |
| Describe the thymus | -responsible for cellular immunity -transforms lymphocytes into T cells -located in the mediastinum |
| Describe the tonsils | Masses of lymphatic tissue(palatine) located in the pharynx -protect upper respiratory structures -acts as filters |
| Describe white blood cells | -protect the body from pathogens -remove debris from injured tissue -aid in healing process -diapedesis -initial inflammation & immune response -phagocytic -some granulocytes, some agranulocytes -migrate through capillaries & venules |
| List autoimmune diseases | -Myasthenia gravis -rheumatoid arthritis -systemic lupus erythematosus -AIDS -allergies -thrombocytopenia -vasculitis |
| What is the function of histamines? | initiates the inflammatory process by increasing blood flow |
| What are the two ducts of the lymph system? | thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct |
| What are the four types of T cells? | cytotoxic, helper, suppressor and memory |
| What are the functions of the lymph system? | -maintain fluid balance -transport lipids away from GI system -filter and remove unwanted infectious products |
| What is an allergy? | acquired abnormal immune response |
| What is hematology? | study of blood cells, blood clotting mechanism, bone marrow & lymph nodes |
| What is heparin? | acts to prevent blood from clotting at the injury site |
| Where do blood cells develop from? | stem cells |
| edema | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body |
| hemosiderosis | Abnormal increase of iron in the blood |
| leukocytosis | Abnormal increase of white cells |
| lymphadenopathy | Any disease of the lymph nodes |
| megakaryocyte | Cell with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets |
| pernicious anemia | Chronic, progressive anemia due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 |
| phagocytosis | Condition of ingesting cells |
| leukopenia | Decrease in white blood cells |
| thrombolysis | Destruction of a clot |
| hemolytic anemia | Destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice |
| dyspnea | Difficulty breathing |
| adenopathy | Disease of a gland |
| vertigo | Dizziness |
| splenomegaly | Enlargement of the spleen |
| thymectomy | Excision of the thymus gland |
| autoimmune disease | Failure of the body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self" |
| hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow |
| reticulocyte | Immature RBC |
| folic-acid deficiency anemia | Inability to produce sufficient RBCs |
| transfusion | Infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another |
| sickle cell anemia | Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent or sickle-shaped |
| iron-deficiency anemia | Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs |
| monocyte | Leukocyte that is phagocytic |
| eosinophil | Leukocyte that protects by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders |
| basophil | Leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin |
| hematoma | Localized accumulation of blood |
| erythrocyte | Mature red blood cell |
| phlebotomy | Obtaining blood for testing purposes |
| immunologist | One who specializes in the study of protection |
| hypochromic | Pertaining to decrease of colour |
| hemoglobin | Plasma protein; carries O2 to body tissues |
| thrombocyte | Platelet; initiate blood clotting |
| sepsis | Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning |
| antibody | Protects against antigens |
| lymphocytes | Provides protection from bacteria by producing antibodies |
| erythema | Redness of the skin |
| anemia | Reduction in the number of circulating RBCs |
| myeloid | Resembling bone marrow |
| aplastic anemia | Serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure |
| antigen | Substance recognized as harmful to the host |
| blood culture | Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream |
| plasma | The liquid portion of blood |
| neutrophil | The most numerous WBC |
| morphology | The study of shape |
| viscous | Thick, sticky |
| lymphoma | Tumor of lymph tissue |
| granulocyte | Type of WBC containing granules; formed in the red bone marrow |
| agranulocyte | Type of WBC without granules |
| leukocytes | White blood cell |
| AB, Ab, ab | antibody |
| A, B, AB, O | blood types in ABO blood group |
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
| ANA | antinuclear antibody |
| APC | antigen-presenting cell |
| APTT | activated partial thromboplastin time |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| diff | differential count (WBCs) |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| GVHD | graft-versus-host disease |
| eos | eosinophil (type of WBC) |
| Hb, Hgb | hemoglobin |
| Igs | immunoglobulins |
| MNL | mononuclear leukocytes |
| NK cell | natural killer cell |
| PCP | pneumocystic pneumonia |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear |
| PMNL, poly | polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RBC, rbc | red blood cells |
| Segs | segmented neutrophils |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| WBC, wbc | white blood cells |
| antiserum | Blood serum that contains antibodies |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
Created by:
Barbara Ross
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