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PANCE Neuro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A virus that causes personality changes, headache, and pharyngeal muscle spasm with gagging when liquids are administered is: | rabies |
| Select the most common form of multiple sclerosis | relapsing-remitting |
| Which of the following interventions is most effective during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease? | post-its, other memory aids |
| A type of intracranial injury that can produce a lucid period that is later followed by loss of consciousness and/or focal neurologic signs is | epidural hematoma |
| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is characterized by: | x-linked recessive |
| A patient presents with hearing loss, balance problems, tinnitus and vertigo. No imaging study is performed. Based on the information given, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Meniere's |
| What is the usual treatment in a 66-year old woman who presents with a 5-year history of isolated intention tremor in both hands that is not interfering with function? | reassurance |
| progressive distal-to-proximal upper and lower extremity weakness over the past 24 hours. Examination reveals no muscular atrophy, but absent patellar and biceps reflexes. | Guillain-barre |
| When you are examining a patient, you find several beats of ankle clonus. What other physical examination finding are you also likely to find? | hyperreflexia |
| Which of the following medications is most appropriate for migraine headache prophylaxis? | propranolol |
| Household contacts of a patient with bacterial meningitis are best treated with which of the following? | Cipro |
| One of the major side effects of antipsychotic medications is acute dystonia. Which of the following medications would you give IM or IV to rapidly reverse the dystonia? | Benadryl |
| seizures preceded by aura, loss of consciousness, last 2-3 minutes, lip smacking, then grogginess/confusion | Complex partial seizures |
| His physical examination is consistent with a lesion of the motor root of the trigeminal (fifth cranial) nerve. Which of the following actions does he have difficulty performing? | Clenching teeth |
| Loss of bladder/bowel function after car accident | cauda equina syndrome |
| A 45-year-old man with diabetes mellitus complains of a burning sensation of both lower legs and hands. The best explanation for his complaint is: | He has a disease affecting axons of his peripheral nerves |
| Which of the following refers to a brief episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain ischemia with complete recovery of symptoms and no evidence of ischemic event on imaging studies? | TIA |
| Lhermitte s sign or symptom is characteristic of which of the following diseases: | multiple sclerosis |
| A positive Babinski sign is | extensor plantar response |
| What is the most common primary brain tumor in children under the age of four? | medulloblastoma |
| A 31 year-old man complains for daily headaches in the left periorbital area accompanied by tearing of the left eye, rhinorrhea and left facial redness. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Cluster headaches |
| Which of the following is the most common type of glioma? | glioblastoma multiforme |
| What headache med contraindicated in patient w CAD? | sumatriptan (imitrex) |
| The most common form of epilepsy in adults is: | Temporal lobe epilepsy |
| Bradykinesia, a decreased ability to initiate voluntary movements, would most likely be due to lesions in which of the following structures? | basal gangila |
| A disorder that may produce daytime sleepiness and impaired occupational performance is: | Obstructive sleep apnea |
| Examination of a patient’s visual fields reveals complete blindness in the left eye. Opthalmoscopic examination is normal. Which of the following lesions is most likely causing this abnormality? | A lesion between the retina and the optic chiasm |
| Complex partial seizures: | may consist of staring, repetitive movements (automatisms), or olfactory hallucinations |
| A patient with known relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) presents to the hospital with an exacerbation of MS symptoms. What is the recommended treatment? | methylprednisone |
| A positive Brudzinki sign for meningeal irritation includes: | Involuntary flexion of hip upon neck flexion |
| Select the most frequently found organism in acute bacterial meningitis in adults: | Strep pneumo |
| On physical examination, touching the cornea of either eye with a cotton swab results in blinking of only the left eye. The patient states that he feels the cotton swab touch in both eyes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | right facial nerve palsy |
| Sudden withdrawal from chronic heavy barbiturate use would most likely result in | convulsions or death |
| Best med for alcohol withdrawl? | Benzos |
| The Argyll-Robertson pupil abnormality that is observed with neurosyphilis consists of: | pupils that accommodate to near vision but do not react to light |
| Which of the following is true regarding lacunar infarcts? | treatment to control hypertension |
| A form of dementia that may respond to shunting of cerebrospinal fluid is: | norm pressure hydroceph |
| Which sign is associated with meningitis and intracranial hemorrhage? | nuchal rigid |
| she has loss of sensation in the L4-S1 distribution of the right leg. The patellar reflex of the right leg is absent, and a Babinski sign was negative. A T2-weighted MRI of her head reveals multiple bright signal abnormalities in the white matter | Presence of oligoclonal bands by agarose gel electrophoresis |
| In patients with multiple sclerosis, the propagation of action potentials in axons is slowed or blocked completely because: | Myelin surrounding the axons is disrupted by autoimmune attack |
| presence of bilateral eyelid ptosis, proximal muscle weakness and normal reflexes. What is the most likely diagnosis | myasthenia gravis |
| A 5 year-old child has just been hospitalized with meningococcemia. Family members and close contacts should be given which of the following as prophylaxis? | rifampin orally |
| Which of the following is not associated with Alzheimer's Disease? | lewy bodies |
| Saccular (berry) aneurysm is associted with which of the following disorders? | adult polycystic kidney disease |
| Select the false statement regarding poliomyelitis: | Oral polio vaccine is not associated with vacine-associated poliomyelitis |
| Which of the following is the initial treatment of choice for status epilepticus? | ativan |
| A 18 year-old football player is currently undergoing rehab for his quadriceps strain. The therapist grades his right quad strength at 4+. This means: | He has active extension against gravity and some resistance |
| right-sided hemiparesis (face and hand more affected than leg), homonymous hemianopsia of the right half of both visual fields, and aphasia. Where is the location of his stroke? | middle cerebral |
| A lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg) might result from occlusion of: | posterior inferior cerebral artery |
| The Tensilon (edrophonium) test is used to diagnose which of the following conditions? | myasthena gravis |
| Treatment of Bell's palsy in a patient without evidence of HSV infection includes which of the following? | reassurance |
| A 31-year-old woman is resuscitated after a MVAbut does not respond to painful stimuli. She occasionally yawns, coughs, and has spontaneous eye opening and movement. She maintains a sleep-wake cycle. This clinical picture most like represents: | persistive vegetative state |
| Select the product that is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease | Sinemet |
| MVA, strikes his forehead on the windshield. He complains of neck pain and severe burning in his shoulders and arms. His physical exam reveals weakness of his upper extremities. What type of spinal cord injury does this patient have? | central cord syndrome |
| Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Parkinson's disease? | intention tremor |
| intermittent and uncontrollable twitching of his right hand that spreads to involve the entire arm after a few minutes. After, the arm is extremely weak. no other involvement, sensory deficit or altered consciousness. What is the most likely seizure | simple partial |
| Aphasia is most often noted in patients with thrombosis or embolism involving which artery? | middle cerebral |
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