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Body System

TermDefinition
Homeostasis The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism
Joint A lace in the body where two bones come together
Spongy Bone Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
Compact Bone Hard,dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone.
Cartilage A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.
Ligament Strong connective tissue that holds bones together in movable joints.
Tendon Strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
Red Marrow The red vascular substance consistence of connective tissue and blood vessels.
Yellow Marrow Bone marrow that is yellow with fat.
Skeletal Muscle A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.
Striated Muscle A muscle that appears banded;also called skeletal muscle.
Smooth Muscle Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body.
Cardiac Muscle Muscle tissue found only in the heart.
Integumentary System The organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage.
Epidermis The outer layer of the skin.
Dermis The inner layer of the skin.
Melanin A pigment that gives skin its color.
Follicle Structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows.
Mechanical Digestion Process by which food is broken down into simple chemical.
Epiglottis A flap of tissue that seals of the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
Peristalsis Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep found moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
Esophagus A muscle tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Absorption The process by which nutrients pass from the digestive system into the blood.
Villus The villi work in partnership with the small intestine to dispatch nutrients to the bloodstream.
Pacemaker A group of cells located in the right atrium that sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract and that regulates heartbeat rate.
Atery A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
Capilary A tiny blood vessel where substance are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.
Vein A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.
Plasma The liquid part of blood.
Red Blood Cell A cell in the blood that takes up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to cells elsewhere in the body.
Hemoglobin An iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules.
White Blood Cell A blood cell that fights disease.
Platelet A cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood colts.
Lymph The fluid that the lymphatic system collects and returns to the bloodstream.
Lymph Node A small knob of tissue in the lymphatic system that filters lymph,trapping bacteria and other microorganism that cause disease.
Cilia The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner.
Pharynx The throat
Trachea The windpipe: a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system
Alveoli Tiny sacs of lungs tissue specialized for the movements of gases between air and blood.
Diaphragm A large muscle located at the bottom of a mammals rib cage that functions in breathing.
Larynx The voice box.
Excretion The process by which wastes are removed fro the body.
Urea A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins.
Kidney A major organ of the excretory system that removes urea and other wastes from the blood.
Ureter A narrow tube that carries urine from one of the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Urinary Bladder A sack like muscular organ that store urine it is eliminated from the body.
Urethra A small tube through which urine flows from the body.
Nephron Small filtering structure found in the kidneys that removes waste from blood and produces urine.
Pathogen An organism that cause disease.
Inflammatory Response Part of the body's defense against pathogens,in which fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into tissues, and white blood cells destroy pathogens.
Immune Response Part of the body's defense against pathogens in which cells of the immune system react to each kind of pathogens with a defense targeted specially at that pathogen.
Antibody A protein produced by a B cell of the immune system that destroys pathogen.
Stimulus A change in an organisms surroundings that causes the organism to react.
Response An action or change in behavior that occurs in reaction to a stimulus.
Neuron A cell that carries information through the nervous system.
Dendrite A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body.
Axon A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.
Nerve A bundle of nerve fibers
Sensory Neuron A neuron that picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse
Interneuron A neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
Motor Neuron A neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle gland, causing the muscle or gland to react.
Synapse The junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to the next structure
Central Nervous System The division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System Division of the nervous system consisting of all of the nervous located outside the central nervous system
Somatic Nervous System Group of nerves in the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary actions
Autonomic Nervous System The group of nerves in the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary actions.
Reflex An automatic response that occurs rapidly and without conscious control.
Hormone A chemical in an organism that produces a specific effect such as growth or development.
Endocrine Gland A structure of the endocrine system that produces and releases its chemical products directly into the bloodstream
Target Cell A cell in the body that recognizes a hormone's chemical structure.
Chemical Digestion The process by which chemicals in the body break down food molecules.
Created by: barreironataly
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