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6 Sci Test 5 Ch 3A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active | a volcano that has erupted recently or is considered likely to erupt in the near future |
| caldera | a huge, bowl-shaped depression formed when an empty magma chamber collapses after a volcanic eruption |
| chemical weathering | natural acids slowly eat into a rock and break it apart |
| cinder cone volcano | a volcano formed when eruptions composed mostly of tephra build up cone-shaped mountains |
| composite volcano | a volcano formed when alternating layers of fluid lava & tephra build up a steep symmetrical mountain, often with a small crater at the top |
| core | the innermost region of the earth |
| crater | a depression at the top of a volcano |
| crust | the outermost layer of the earth |
| dormant | a volcano that erupted many years ago and although now inactive, may erupt again |
| earthquake | any trembling or shaking of the earth's crust |
| epicenter | the place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| extinct | a volcano that has not erupted in recorded history or is unlikely ever to erupt again |
| fault | the break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock |
| focus | the point underground where an earthquake begins |
| fumaroles | holes or cracks that serve as escape vents for underground gases |
| geologist | a scientist who studies the structure of the earth |
| geology | the study of the earth & its structure |
| Hawaiian eruption | fluid lava surges from the vent like water from a fountain |
| lapilli | fragments of tephra that are smaller than bombs and blocks but larger than volcanic ash; means "little stones" |
| lava | molten rock after it reaches the earth's surface |
| magma | melted rock underground |
| magma chamber | a large reservoir located a few miles beneath the earth's surface containing magma |
| magnitude | the strength of an earthquake |
| mantle | the middle layer of the earth |
| mid-oceanic ridges | an underwater mountain range in the ocean where plates of the earth's crust are moving away from each other |
| Moho | the boundary between the crust & the mantle |
| physical weathering | physical forces such as flowing water, ice, or windblown sand break down the rock |
| Plinian eruption | hot clouds of gas and dust are expelled high into the air, usually quite violently |
| Richter scale | the scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake |
| Ring of Fire | a zone of volcanoes that encircles the edge of the Pacific Ocean |
| seismic belts | the regions of the earth where most of the world's earthquakes occur |
| seismology | the study of earthquakes |
| shield volcano | a volcano formed when large amounts of fluid, runny lava gradually build up a dome-shaped mountain |
| Strombolian eruption | globs of hot lava are flung into the air where they harden into volcanic bombs in a series of noisy but mild eruptions |
| tephra | fragments of volcanic rock that form when thick magma explodes into pieces as it leaves the volcano |
| tsunami | an enormous wave that can be caused by an earthquake |
| vent | an opening in the ground through which a volcano erupts |
| volcanic ash | the smallest fragments of tephra: resembles dust or fine sand |
| weathering | a process that causes rocks to gradually break and crumble into smaller pieces |
Created by:
Mrs_CC
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