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Anatomy/Physiology
Unit 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epithelial Tissue | The tissue that is found throughout the body, covering internal and external surfaces. It protects underlying structures and acts as a barrier. It allows substances to diffuse through. |
| Muscle Tissue | It contracts and shortens to enable movement. Muscle cells = muscle fibers. |
| Nervous Tissue | Coordinates and controls body activity. (Brain, Spinal cord and nerves) |
| Connective Tissue | An extracellular matrix that consists of protein fibers, ground substance, non fibrous protein and fluid. It is the most abundant type of tissue in the body. |
| Simple Epithelial | Single layer of cells |
| Stratified Epithelial | More than one layer of cells |
| Cuboidal Epithelial | Shape of cell is CUBE-LIKE |
| Columnar Epithelial | Shape of cell is TALL AND THIN |
| Pseudostratified Epithelial | A type of epithelium that is a single layer of cells, but has its nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelia. |
| Squamous Epithelial | Shape of cell is FLAT |
| Transitional Epithelial | A type of tissue consisting of multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand. |
| Apical Surface | Layer of epithelial cells that is not in contact with other cells. |
| Basil Surface | Attaches epithelial cells to underlying tissues composed of carbohydrates and proteins. |
| Basement Membrane | A membrane of protein fibers separating an epithelium from underlying tissue. |
| Tight Junctions | Bind adjacent cells to form permeability barriers; completely surround each cell; found in intestines and most simple epithelia. |
| Gap Junctions | Small channels that allow small molecules and ions to pass from adjacent cells. (Most epithelial cells are connected this way) |
| Desmosomes | Mechanical links that bind cells together; found where cells are subjected to stress (skin, stratified squamous) |
| Extracellular Matrix | Extracellular materials that consist of protein fibers and ground substance. (Connective Tissue) |
| Collagen | Protein fibers that are flexible, but resist stretching. |
| Reticular | Protein fibers that are fine, short, collagen fibers that branch to form a network. |
| Elastic Fibers | Protein fibers that after have been stretched, they have the ability to return to original shape. |
| Ground Substance | Non Fibrous protein |
| Functions of Connective Tissue (7) | +Join together tissues of the body(tendons and ligaments)+Support (trachea, bones)+Protect underlying organs (skull)+Transport (blood)+Nutritive Functions (blood)+Immune Function (lymphocytes/white blood cells)+Storage sites & insulation (Fat tissue)+ |
| Connective Tissue Proper | Extracellular matrix composed mostly of collagen fibers. |
| Loose Connective Tissue | Fills spaces between organs and holds them in place. |
| Supporting Connective Tissue | Contains a matrix with protein fibers; filled with lipids to store energy; protects and insulates the body. |
Created by:
BrittD2015
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