click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
propedeutics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
causes of peripheral edema | 1 heart failure + pulmonary hypertension 2 nephrotic syndrome 3 hepatic cirrhosis with ascites 4 chronic venous insufficiency 5 deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 6 valve incompetance 7 lymphedema 8 immobility 9 drugs |
physical exam+ for testing edema | physical exam: inspect, auscultate heart sounds, check for pitting edema, measure curcumferances of the legs and feet, assess colour and venous tendernous, assess varicosity filling when standing |
physical+ diagnostics for testing edema | urine test, blood test, renal function+ electrolytes, liver function, ultrasound, ECG, serum analysis |
symptoms that verifies left ventricular heart failure | difficulty when lying down need to keep head elevated shortness of breath pitting edema of legs cough w/ blood stained sputum at night weight gain due to fluid retention |
symptoms that verifies left ventricular heart failure | inspection- cyanosis, edema percussion- dullness of left border palpation- irregular rapid pulse; displaced apex beat auscultation- S1,2,3 decreased, late inspiratory crackles |
causes of cough | asthma bronchitis heart failure laryngitis tracheobronchitis viral pneumonia bacterial pneumonia lung abscess neoplasm pulmonary TB |
cough physical exam+ diagnosis | percussion, palpation, auscultation diagnostics: sputum analysis, chest x-ray, serum tests (leukocytes) urine analysis |
symptoms that verify lobar pneumonia | chest pain dyspnea cyanosis chest pain while breathing lips and nailbed turn blue hemoptosis weightloss/anorexia |
causes of chest pain | mycardial infarction angina pectoris aortic disection pericarditis pleuritis esophageal reflux esophageal spasm tracheobronchitis |
physical exam+ diagnosis chest pain | physical exam: vital signs; inspection palpation of neck carotid pulses paradoxical/pulsus alternans, lymphadenopathy; chest- PMI location, heart sounds, extremities: edema, pulses, varicosities |
physical exam+ diagnosis chest pain | ecg chest x ray, serum analysis of troponin i,t, lipid profile |
symptoms of anterior chest wall MI | chest pain that radiates to jaw, left arm, upper abdomen dyspnea nausea/vomiting sweating palpitations loss of conscioucness |