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DNA & Chromosomes

TermDefinition
Cell cycle the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
Mitosis The division of the cell nucleus and its contents
Cytokinesis The process that divides the cell cytoplasm.
Chromosome One long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulartory information.
Histones A group of proteins that are associated with chromosomes.
Chromatin The loose combination of DNA and proteins
Chromatid One half of a duplicated chromosome.
Centromere A region of the condensed chromosome that looked pinched.
Somatic cells Body cells
Gametes Sex cells
Homologous Chromosomes Two chromosomes-- one inherited from the mother, one from the father-- that have the same and general appearance.
Autosomes Chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism.
Sex chromosomes Directly in control of the development of sexual characteristics.
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes that results in off-spring that are a genetic mixture of both parents.
Fetilization The fusion of the egg cell and the sperm cell
Diploid A cell that has two copies of each chromosome
Haploid A cell only has one copy of each chromosome
Meiosis A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells.
Gametogenesis The production of gametes
Sperm The male gamete
Egg The female gamete
Polar bodies Cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down
Bacteriophage Takes over a bacterium's genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses
Nucleotide The monomers that make up DNA
Double helix In which two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder
Base pairing rules Thymine always pairs with adenine (T--A) and cystosine always pairs with guanine (C--G)
Replication The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle
DNA polymerases A group of enzymes that bond new nucleotides together
Created by: milletay1150
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