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Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allograft | Transplanting tissue obtained from a donor of the same species. |
| Ankylosis | Stiffening of the joint |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | A disease causing the bones of the spine to grow together |
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) | A ligament located in the center of the knee controlling rotation and forward movement of the tibia (shin bone) |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of a joint; usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and sometimes changes in structure. |
| Arthrogram | X-ray to view bone structures, follows an injection of contrast fluid in the joint area |
| Arthroscopy | Minimally-invasive, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedure used for conditions of a joint |
| Arthropathy | Pathology or abnormality of a joint and arthritic conditions |
| Autograft | Transplanting tissue into a new position in or on the body of the same individual |
| Bursa | Fluid-filled sac located between a bone and a tendon or muscle |
| Burstitis | Swelling and irritation of the bursa |
| Bunion | Inflammation and deformity in the joint of the big toe. |
| Capsulitis | Inflammation of the tissues; also called synovitis. |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | Median Nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpel tunnel (a confined space) in the wrist |
| Cartilage | Smooth material covering bone ends of a joint to cushion bones; allows the joint to move easily |
| Cubital Tunnel | A tunnel of muscle, ligament, and bone on the inside of the elbow |
| Dislocation | Occurs when extreme force is put on ligament causing two bone ends to separate |
| Dorsopathies | Disorders affecting the spinal column |
| Electromyogram (EMG) | A test to evaluate nerve and muscle function |
| Enesthopathy | Disease occurring at the site of attachment of a ligament or muscle tendons to bones or joint capsules |
| Femur | Thigh Bone |
| Fibromyalgia (Fibrositis) | Chronic, widespread pain in muscles and soft tissues surrounding the joints throughout the body |
| Fracture | A break in a bone |
| Gout | Result of a defect in body chemistry (such as uric acid in the joints fluid); this painful condition most often attacks small joints |
| Hammertoe | Bent deformity in the middle toe joint |
| Heel Spur | Bone growth on the heel bone |
| Humerus | Bone of the upper arm |
| Inflammation | Normal reaction to injury or disease, results in swelling, pain, and stiffness |
| Joint | Place where the ends of two or more bones meet |
| Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) | Form of Arthritis on children ages 16 or younger causing inflammation and stiffness of joints |
| Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) | Ligament giving stability to the outer knee |
| Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) | Caused by damage to tendons bending the wrist backward away from the palm |
| Ligaments | White, shiny, flexible band of fibrous tissue binding joints together and connecting bones and cartilage |
| Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) | Ligament giving stability to the inner knee |
| Medial Epicondylitis | Condition in the elbow caused by damage to the tendons bending the wrist toward the palm |
| Meniscus | Cresent-shaped disc of connective tissue between the bones of the knee acting as a shock absorber to cushion the lower part of the leg |
| Morton's Neuroma | Pinched nerve usually causing pain between the third and fourth toes |
| Musculoskeletal System | Complex system involving the body's muscles and skeleton, including the joints, ligaments, tendons, and nerves |
| Myelogram | Injection of a dye or contrast material into the spinal canal; a specific X-ray study also allowing careful evaluation of the spinal canal and nerve roots |
| Nursemaids elbow | Partial dislocation of the elbow or proximal radial head common in small children. |
| Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) | The insertion of metal rods, wires, pins, nails, or plates are placed to surgically repair fractured bones, usually through an incision over the fracture site |
| Osteoarthritis | Wear and tear causing inflammation of the joint, resulting in swelling, pain, and stiffness |
| Osteomyeltis | An inflammation of the bone and/or bone marrow caused by infection |
| Osteoporosis | Porous bone developing when bone no longer is replaced as quickly as it is removed. |
| Pathologic Fracture | Bone fracture caused by disease, not accident or injury |
| Patella | Kneecap |
| Plantar Fascia | Long band of connecting tissue running from the heel to the ball of the foot |
| Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) | Ligament located in the back of the knee controlling backward movement of the tibia (shin bone) |
| Prosthesis | Artificial body part replacement |
| Radius | Shorter of the two bones in the forearm |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Inflammatory disease involving the lining of the joints (synovium) |
| Scleroderma | Disease of the body's connective tissue causing thickening and hardening of the skin |
| Scoliosis | Lateral, or sideways, curvature and rotation of vertebrae |
| Soft Tissues | Ligaments, tendons, and muscles of the musculoskeletal system |
| Spondylosis | Osteoarthritis of the spine |
| Spondylitis | Inflammation of the spine |
| Spinal Stenosis | Narrowing of the spinal canal |
| Sprain | Partial or complete tear of the ligament |
| Strain | Partial or complete tear of a muscle or a tendon |
| Stress Fracture | Bone injury caused by overuse |
| Synovial Fluid | Clear fluid released by the synovial membrane, acts as a lubricant for joints and tendons |
| Tendon | Tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones |
| Tendonitis | Inflammation in a tendon or the tendon covering |
| Tibia | Shin bone or larger bone of the lower leg |
| Trigger Finger | Irritation of the digital sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons of the finger |
| Ulnar Bone | Longer of the two bones in the forearm |
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BBracha
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