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Psychology Exam
Questions and Answers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the miroscopic space between two neurons over which messages pass | synapse |
| the brain and spinal cord | central nervous system |
| is compsed of nerves that carry info to and from the CNS | peripheral nerves system |
| area of the brain associated with higher mental functions and the control of movement | cerebral cortex |
| measures the waves of electrical activity produced by the brain | electroencephalography |
| shows which bran areas use more energy by measuring glucose consumption | positron emission tomography |
| the study of progressive changes in behavior and abilities over a lifespan | developmental psychology |
| the rapid and early learning of permanent behavior patterns | imprinting |
| the theory characteristic that states that language acquistion is innate, or inborn | biological predisposition |
| specialists in the psychology of language | psycholinguists |
| acquisition of values, beliefs, and thinking abilities that guide responsible behavior | moral development |
| a clack or withholding of normail stimulation, nutrition, comfort, or love | deprivation |
| selective breeding for desirable characteristics | eugenics |
| physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury for which there is no identifiable cause | somatoform disorders |
| mental illness characterized by hallucinations, delusions, social withdrawal and retreat from reality | psychotic disorders |
| mental illness marked by feelings of fear, apprehension and panic-based distortions in behavior | anxiety disorders |
| the scientific study of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders; an inability to have in ways that foster the well-being of the individual and society | psychopathology |
| mental illness which involves disturbances in affect, or emotion | mood disorders |
| mental illness which includes cases of sudden temporary amnesia, multiple personality and depersonalization | dissociative disorders |
| disorder in which the person lacks a consience, is impulsive, selfish, emotionally shallow and tends to manipulate others | antisocial personality |
| feelings of apprehension, dread, or uneasiness | anxiety |
| a disorder in chich a person fears that something extremely embarrassing will happen if they leave home or step somewhere unknown | agoraphobia |
| disorder in which a person is preocupied with certain distressing thoughts and feels compelled to perform certain behaviors | OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) |
| disorder in which a person is in a chronic state of anxiety, and also has moments of sudden, intense, unexpected panic | panic disorder |
| a plea that a person was incapable of knowing right from wrong at the time of a crime | insanity defense |
| impaired mental cometence to control actions or to know right from wrong, possibly caused by drug or alcohol intake | diminished capacity |
| an age-related disorder characterized by impaired memory, confusion, and a progressive loss of mental abilities | alzheimer's disease (all timers) |
| a type of psychosis characterized by delusions, hallucainations, apathy, and a split between thought and emotion | schizophrenia |
| type of schizophrenia marked by stupor, rigidity, unresponsiveness, mutism, and sometimes, agitated behavior | catatonic schizophrenia |
| a message which places the listener in an unsolvable emotional conflict, no-win solution | double-bind communication |
| mood disorders in which a persons emotions range from hight mania to intensely low depressive states | bipolar disorders |
| treatment technique in which a 150 volt electrical current is passed through the brain for slightly less than one second | electroconvulsive therapy |
| an irreversible side effect of psychotropic medications marked by rhythmic facial and mouth movements | tardive dyskinesia |
| the trend toward reduced use of full-time commitment to mental institutions | deinstitutionalization |
| psychological state in which distinct changes occur in the quality and pattern of mental activity | altered state of consiousness |
| a person who sleepwalks | somnambulist |
| a bad dream that takes place in REM sleep | nightmare |
| a totally panicked stuation in which a person may hallucinate frightening dream images; occurs during non-REM sleep | night terrors |
| sudden, irresisible sleep attacks | narcolepsy |
| during sleep, breathing stops for 20 secs | sleep apnea |
| an altered state of consiousness characterized by narrowed attention and an increased openness to suggestion | hypnosis |
| a substance that decreases activity in the body and nervous system | depressant |
| a substance that increases activity in the body and nervous system | stimulant |
| a substance capable of altering attention, judgment, memory, time sense, self-control, emotions, or perception | psychoactive drug |
| reduced response to a drug | drug tolerance |
| sedative drugs that depress brain activity | barbiturates |
| a combination of drugs will sometimes produce this effect of one drug enhancing the effects of another drug | drug interaction |
| drugs that lower anxiety and reduce tension | tranquilizers |
| the removal of poision from one's system; used as a first step in treatment of addictions | detoxification |
| a person who has below normal intelligence who shows exceptional mental ability in a very limited area is said to have this condition | savant syndrome |
| the global capacity to act puposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the enviroment | intelligence |
| the ability of a test to yield the same scores each time it is given to the same person | reliability |
| the ability of a test to measure what it purports to measure | validity |
| a bell-shaped chart of scores ranges which has a large number of scores in the middle, tapering to very few extremely high and low scores | normal curve |
| an organic source of retardation by an extra 21st chromosome | down syndrom |
| IQ range below 25, needs total care | profoundly retarded |
| IQ range between 25 and 55, capable of mastering basic lang. and self-help skills and can be self-supporting by working in a sheltered workshop | severely or moderately retarded |
| an ability to manage ones own thinking and prob solving | metacognitive skills |
| needs which must be met for survival | prim motives |
| needs based on learned needs, drives and goals, for ex. power or approval | secondary motives |
| needs for stimulation | stimulus motives |
| excessive eating followed by self-vomiting | bulimia nervosa |
| active self-starvation | anorexia nervosa |
| there are ideal levels of arousal for various activities; ppl try to keep arousal near these ideal lvls | arousal theory |
| if a stimulus causes a strong emotion, such as fear or pleasure, an opp emotion tends to occur when the stim ends | opponent-process theory |
| a hormone which is reduced at night by the pineal gland in the brain which controls the timing of the body rhythms and sleep cycles | melatonin |
Created by:
babybird04
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