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chapter 14
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Unemployed | actively searched for work the last 4 weeks |
employed | worked one hour in the past two weeks |
labor force | number of employed persons plus the number of unemployed persons |
unemployment rate | percentage of the labor force that is not currently employed unemployed/labor force |
labor force participation rate | % of the working age population classified as either employed or unemployed |
employment-to-population rate | % of the working age population that is classified as employed |
Marginally attached workers | people who are ready and able to work, have searched for a job in the past 12 months, but not in the past 4 weeks |
discouraged workers | people who have given up of job searches because of frustration |
U3 | official unemployment rate |
U1 | only includes people unemployed 15 weeks or longer |
U2 | only includes people who have lost a job unlike those who quit |
U4 | adds discouraged workers to U3 |
U5 | includes all marginally attached workers |
U6 | most inclusive of measurement of unemployment, includes all of U1-U5 |
frictional unemployment | people who voluntarily enter the labor force or are between jobs that they are qualified for |
structural unemployment | job seekers' skill sets aren't in demand because of location or obsolence |
creative destruction | the outcome of structural unemployment-- they are forced to retain or accept lower paying jobs that require less skill |
cyclical unemployment | contractions in the business cycle |
efficiency wages | those who exceed market wages |
full employment | when there is no cyclical unemployment |
natural rate of unemployment | unemployment that the economy maintains independent of the inflation rate |