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Green Module
Musculoskeletal Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five regions of the vertebral column? | Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
| What are the four different types of bones? | short, irregular, flat, long |
| What are the functions of bones? | Provide framework of body, protect internal organs, produce blood cells, store calcium/other minerals, provide points of attachment |
| What are the functions of muscle? | contribute to posture, produce heat, protect internal organs, primarily movement |
| What are the three different types of muscle? | skeletal (voluntary/striated), cardiac, smooth (involuntary/visceral) |
| What are the three different types of ribs? | true, false, floating |
| What are the three divisions of the pelvis? | ilium, ischium, pubis |
| What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | bones of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle |
| What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | skull, rib cage, vertebral column |
| What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | clavicle, scapula |
| What is a fontanel? | unossified membrane lying between the cranial bones |
| What is an orthopedist? | physician who specializes in the diagnoses and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
| What is muscular dystrophy? | genetic disease, gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
| What is myasthenia gravis? | neuromuscular disorder, muscle weakness, leads to eventual loss of function |
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? | systemic disease, results in crippling deformities |
| periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone |
| tendon | A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone |
| Lordosis | Abnormal inward curvature of the spine |
| Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| Kyphosis | An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae |
| appendage | Any body part attached to a main structure |
| talipes | Any deformity of the foot; also called club foot |
| ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
| Osteoporosis | Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density |
| sternum | Breast bone |
| flexion | Decreases the angle of a joint |
| crepitation | Dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together |
| dorsiflexion | Elevates the foot |
| luminectomy | Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebrae |
| Podiatry | Foot treatment |
| diarthrosis | freely movable joints |
| synarthrosis | Immovable joints |
| exacerbation | Increase in severity of a disease |
| extension | Increases the anlge of a joint |
| claudication | Lameness, limping |
| cruciate ligament | ligaments that form an X |
| hypotonia | Loss of muscular tone |
| plantar flexion | Lowers the foot |
| bone mineral density (BMD) | Measures bone density |
| abduction | Moves away from the midline |
| adduction | Moves closer to the midline |
| inversion | Moves the sole of the foot inward |
| eversion | Moves the sole of the foot outward |
| strain | Muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch |
| subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation |
| reduction | Procedure that restores bone to its normal position |
| hematopoiesis | Production and development of blood cells |
| arthrocentesis | Puncture of a joint space |
| myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord |
| open reduction | Reduction procedure that treats bone fractures using surgery |
| closed reduction | Reduction procedure that uses manipulation |
| muscular tissue | Refers to all contractile tissue of the body |
| amphiarthrosis | Slightly movable joints |
| torticollis | Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle |
| ankylosis | Stiffening and immobility of a joint |
| sprain | Tearing of ligament tissue |
| ilium | The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone |
| ischium | The lower part of the hip bone |
| agonist | the muscle that produces the movement |
| antagonist | The muscle that relaxes in order to allow a movement |
| joint/articulation | The place at which two bones meet |
| pubis | The third portion of the hip bone |
| calcium supplements | Treat and prevent hypocalcemia |
| pronation | Turns the palm down |
| supination | Turns the palm up |
Created by:
spencertasha
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