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nervous system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord. |
| peripheral nervous system (pns) | portion of the nervous system consisting of the network of nerves throughout the body |
| afferent | sensory nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system |
| efferent | motor nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system |
| autonomic nervous system | subdivision of the nervous system responsible for regulating activities that maintain homeostasis, also called visceral motor system |
| sympathetic | division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the fight or flight response, also called the thoracolumbar division |
| parasympathetic | division of the autonomic nervous system that usually has a calming effect, also called the craniosacral division |
| neuron | a nerve cell |
| neuroglia | cells that support neurons but do not conduct impulses |
| axon | fiber extending from a neurons cell body that conducts impulses |
| dendrite | receive signals from other neurons and conduct the information to the cells body, look like bare branches |
| myelin sheath | fatty sheath encasing the axons of many neurons, formed by schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and byoligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. |
| nerve | a bundle of neurons that transmit impulses between the brain and the spinal cord and the rest of the body. |
| synapse | space between the junction of two neurons in a neural pathway |
| electrical synapse | adjacent neurons touch which allows an action potential to pass smoothly form one neuron to the next |
| chemical synapse | the two neurons don't touch instead a neurotransmitter bridges a very narrow gap to carry the message from the first neuron to the next. |
| neurotransmitter | chemicals released by axons that stimulate the transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another |
| name the 3 main neurotransmitters | 1. acetylcholine 2. epinephrine 3. norepinephrine |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves do we have | 31 |
| where do nerves from the cervical region of the spinal cord go | neck, top of shoulders, and part of the head |
| where do nerves from the thoracic region of the spinal cord go | torso |
| where do nerves from the lumbar region of the spinal cord go | thigh an leg |
| phrenic nerve | stimulates the diaphragm for breathing |
| what are the 4 plexuses | 1. cervical 2. brachial 3. lumbar 4. sacral |
| which nerves form the brachial plexus | 1. axillary 2. radial 3. ulnar 4. median |
| sciatic nerve | largest nerve in the body, runs down the back of the thigh |
| what is contained in white matter | myelinated nerve fibers called tracts |
| what is contained in gray matter | cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons |
| List the 3 layers of the meninges in order, from outside to the inside | 1. dura 2. arachnoid 3. pis mater |
| what does the meninges cover in addition to the spinal cord | outside surface of the brain |
| ganglion | a small raised area of gray matter, located outside of the CNS, which contain neuron cell bodies |
| what is the epidural space | a small space that lies between the outer covering of the spinal cord and the vertebrae, it contains a cushioning layer of fat as well as blood vessels and connective tissue |
| reflex arc | a neural circuit that bypasses regions of the brain were conscious decisions are made |
| somatic reflex | reflex involving contraction of a skeletal muscle after being stimulated by a somatic motor neuron |
| how does gray and white matter differ in the brain and the spinal cord | gray matter forms the surface of the brain |
| describe how the meninges cover and protect the brain | the dura mater consists of two layers: the outer is attached to the skull. the inner forms the outer covering of the brain and contiues as the dura mater of the spinal cord the arachnoid mater is the middle layer the pia mater clings to the brain |
| what are the ventricles of the brain | two lateral ventricles that connect to the third ventricle a canal then leads to the fourth and extends through the spinal cord, CSF fills the ventricles |
| what does the choroid plexus do | secretes cerebrospinal fluid |
| what do arachnoid villi do | reabsorb CSF into the bloodstream |
| what is the blood brain barrier | it restricts what substances can pass from the bloodstream into the tissue fluid of the brain |
| what are the three functions of the cerebrospinal fluid | it fills the ventricles and central canal, it also bathes the outside of the brain and spinal cord, also helps cushion the brain |
| how many pairs of cranial nerves are there | 12 |
Created by:
rewebb
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