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Digestive System
Term | Definition |
---|---|
nutrient | a substance that can be used by the body to give materials for energy and for cell growth and repair |
primary organ | organs that break down food as food passes through them, comes into contact with the food |
secondary organ | pancreas,liver, gallbladder- secretes digestive juices,food does not travel through |
mouth | begins to break down food into smaller pieces mechanically by chewing and chemically begins digesting carbohydrates |
esophagus | the tube that carries food from mouth to stoamch |
stomach | continues the process of mechanical digestion, and secretes gastric juices that continue the process of chemical digestion started in the mouth |
small intestines | the organ where most of the chemical digestion of food takes place; nutrients from food are also absorbed into the bloodstream through this organ |
large intestine | the organ where water from the undigested food is absorbed into the bloodstream; prepares the remaining undigested food for elimination from the body |
rectum | a short tube that stores the solid waste until it is eliminated from the body |
anus | opening where the solid waste is eliminated from the body |
liver | produces bile, which is used by the body to break up fat, and it filters toxins from blood (secondary organ) |
gallbladder | stores bile produced by the liver (secondary organ) |
pancreas | produces digestive juices that help to further breakdown the food in the small intestine (secondary organ) |
Mechanical digestion | the physical breakdown of food by teeth or muscle action. |
Chemical digestion | the breakdown of food by body chemicals(enzymes, acids) |
Enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body |
6 classes of nutrients | proteins,carbohydrates,fats,vitamins,minerals,water |
carbohydrate | sugar and starch, main source of energy |
protein | needed to make new cells and repair damaged cells |
fats | needed to make cell membrane and to insulate the body and protect internal organs |
sugars | found in candy jelly, table sugar fruits |
starch | found in bread, potatoes, pasta, cereals |
proteins | found in meat,eggs cheese, dried beans |
organs food passes through in order | mouth,esophagus,stomach,small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. |
small intestine | longer than large intestine but smaller in diameter. |
pancreas | produces insulin. If the pancreas is not working right, you may develop diabetes |