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RS Histology 2
Respiratory System Histology -Nasal Cavity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nose is made up of: | 2 cavities |
| Between the 2 cavities is: | A nasal septum |
| Each cavity has: | Lateral, medial walls A roof and floor |
| The anterior opening of the nose: | Anterior naris |
| The posterior opening of the nose: | Posterior naris |
| The anterior naris is the: | Vestibule |
| The posterior naris is the: | Choana |
| The most anterior and dilated portion of the nasal cavity is: | The vestibule |
| The vestibule is lined by: | Skin |
| The vestibule contains: | Sebaceous and sweat glands Vibrissae |
| What are vibrissae? | Thick, short hairs |
| What is the function of the vibrissae? | To trap and filter out large particles from the inspired air |
| What is the Choana? | The opening between the nose and the nasopharynx |
| What do we have on the lateral wall of the Choana? | The opening of the Eustachian tube |
| What is the function of the Eustachian tube? | Passage of air to the middle ear to equalize the pressure around the tympanic membrane (ear drum) |
| What do we have after the vestibule? | The antrum or atrium |
| What do we have on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? | Three conchae and three hiatuses |
| What is the purpose of conchae? | They increase the surface area of the lateral wall of the nose to maximize the function of the nasal cavity |
| The conchae are | Rich in blood vessels to warm the incoming air |
| What structures make up the roof of the nasal cavity? | 1) The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone 2) The olfactory region made up of bipolar cells |
| What makes up the floor of the nasal cavity? | The Hard palate |
| The anterior part of the nose is formed by: | Cartilage |
| The base of the nose is formed by: | The Nasal, frontal, and maxillary bones |
| What type of epithelium is present on the nasal vestibule? | Keratinized stratified squamous |
| Within the vestibule, what changes to the epithelium occur? | The epithelium loses its keratinized nature and transitions into typical respiratory epithelium before entering the nasal fossae |
| The respiratory region of the nasal cavity is composed of: | 3 conchae and three hiatuses |
| What is the epithelium of the respiratory region? | Pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells |
| The submucosa is rich in: | Blood vessels, especially venous blood |
| What is the purpose of the submucosa? | To warm and moisturize the air |
| The Olfactory region has what types of cells? | 1) Olfactory epithelium 2) Corium (Lamina propria) 3) Bowman's glands |
| What type of epithelium is the olfactory epithelium? | Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar |
| Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is composed of 3 cells: | 1) Supporting (Substenacular) columnar cells 2) The Basal cells 3) Olfactory cells |
| What are olfactory cells? | Bipolar neurons responsible for smell sensation |
| Why are they called olfactory cells? | Afferent axons of these cells synapse with the olfactory nerve |
| What rises from the apexes of the olfactory cells? | Non motile cilia (dendrites) |
| Describe the basal cells | They are characterized by mitosis and are responsible for replacing other cells. They are spherical and cone shaped |
| Describe the supporting (sustenacular cells) | They function as metabolic and physical support for the olfactory cells Their nuclei are more apically located than those of the olfactory cells They contain yellow pigment They have microvilli |
| Where are the Bowman's glands? | In the lamina propria |
| What is the function of the Bowman's glands? | They function to trap and dissolve different substances for the bipolar neurons |
| What are the nasal sinuses? | Air filled spaces present in some of the skull bones |
| Nasal sinuses are lined by: | Respiratory mucosa |
| The function of paranasal sinuses: | 1) Resonance of the voice 2) Protection 3) Reduce the weight in the skull |
| How many sinuses do we have? | 2 frontal sinuses 2 sphenoidal sinuses 2 maxillary sinuses 6 ethmoidal sinuses |
| All of the sinuses open into: | The lateral wall of the nose |
| All of the sinuses have good draining except for the: | Maxillary sinus which drains above the middle meatus |
| The paranasal sinuses contains only a few: | Goblet cells |
| General description of the bronchioles: | Rich in smooth muscles, absent goblet cells and glands |
| What is the anatomical position of the trachea? | It lies below the larynx It starts from the 6th cervical vertebrae Ends at the 4th thoracic vertebrae (bifurcation) -at the level of the sternal angle |
| The trachea is divided into: | Right main bronchus and left bronchus |
| The fibroelastic ligament of the trachea prevents: | Over distention of the lumen |
| The trachealis muscle allows: | Bolus to pass through the esophagus without obstruction |
| Which of the following are involved in the cough reflex? | Contraction of the trachealis muscle Resultant narrowing of the tracheal lumen |
| The most important function of the mucus in the trachea is: | To trap the dust and foreign particles |
| The lamina propria of the trachea: | Rich in elastic fibers Contains an abundance of mucous and serous glands Respiratory epithelium with fewer goblet cells |
Created by:
Ulaisl
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