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Astronomy Ch24
Astronomy Test Review Mrs. Arceneaux
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| White dwarf | small, hot star consisting of a hot, dense core contracting under the force of gravity |
| Absolute magnitude | actual amount of light a star gives off |
| Apparent magnitude | amount of a star’s light observed on Earth |
| Parallax | apparent shift in position of an object when viewed from different places; used to determine distances |
| Constellations | groups of stars whose positions in the sky seem to change as Earth moves |
| Main sequence | classification of about 90 percent of the stars |
| Nebula | earliest stage of a star’s formation |
| Giant | large, cool expanding star in which helium fuses to form carbon |
| Light-year | distance that light travels in one year |
| Supergiant | relatively cool star that has expanded to more than 700 times as large as our sun |
| Neutron star | star in which only neutrons can exist in its core |
| Black hole | object so dense that nothing, including light, can escape it |
| Supernova | produced from an explosion that occurs when a star’s core collapses |
| Binary system | two or more stars revolving around one another |
| Galaxy | large group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity |
| Big Bang theory | explanation for the beginning of the universe |
| What is our Sun made of (as well as other stars) and how do we know this? | Hydrogen & Helium – spectra seen by use of spectroscope |
| List the 5 kinds of stars from smallest to largest. | Neutron starsDwarfsMain sequenceGiantsSupergiants |
| size of a Neutron star | 10 miles in diameter |
| size of a dwarf star | ½ diameter of the Earth |
| size of a Main sequence star | Middle sized star – 1/10 to 10 times the sun. |
| size of a ginat | 10 to 100 times the sun |
| size of a supergiant | up to 1000 times the sun |
| List the 5 colors of stars from coolest to hottest | Red, Red-Orange, Yellow, White, Blue or Blue-White |
| The brightness of a star depends on what two things? | size and temperature |
| What determines how long a star lives? | The starting mass determines the life cycle.The greater a star’s mass the shorter its lifespan.The smaller a star’s mass the longer its lifespan. |
| Why do stars shine? | Stars shine as a result of the energy produced during the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. Some of the energy is in the form of visible light. |
| Describe the Life Cycle of a Main Sequence Star. | Nebula-Protostar (low mass)-main Sequence(medium)- Red Giant- White dwarf- Black Dwarf or Brown Dwarf |
| Describe the Life Cycle of a very massive star. | nebula- prostar(high mass)- supergiant- supernova- Black hole (if core’s mass is over 30 times the mass of our Sun) or Neutron star (if core’s mass is 3-30 times greater than our sun) |
| what are the 4 main types of galaxies? | spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, irregular |
| What is the name & type of galaxy we live in? How many stars does it have? | Milky Way – barred spiral galaxy, 200 billion star |
| Where do we live in our galaxy? | The Earth is orbiting the Sun in our solar system that is located two-thirds of the way out from the center of the Milky Way on the Orion arm. |
| Describe the theories of the formation of the Universe | Friedmann – Big Bang followed by a crunchSteady-State – remains the same as it always wasOscillating – never-ending cycle of bangs and crunchesBig Bang – giant explosion, sent matter outward |
| What is the Doppler Effect? | Doppler Effect – energy given off by a moving object changes the waves (sound from an ambulance would sound different if the ambulance was moving toward or away from you) |
| Explain the Red Shift | Occurs when the object is moving away from the Earth and the spectrum is shifted toward the red end and the waves are lengthened |
| Explain the Blue Shift | Occurs when the object is moving toward the Earth and the spectrum is shifted toward the blue end and the waves are compressed |
| What evidence is there that supports the idea of the Big Bang? | 1. Background Radiation is spread out 2. All objects are red shifting3. Quasars are the beginning objects of the universe |
| What is a Hertzsprung –Russell Diagram? Name the star groups found on the H-R Diagram. To which group does our Sun belong? | A graph that shows the relationship that exists between the average surface temperature of stars, their color, and their absolute magnitude (true brightness). Main Sequence, Giants, Supergiants, Dwarfs – our Sun is Main Sequence |
| Describe the temperature and brightness of Giants | COOL AND BRIGHT |
| Describe the temperature and brightness of the main sequence trend | hot stars are bright, cool stars are dim |
| describe the temperature and brightness of a dwarf star | hot and dim |
| what is the distance of a light year? | 9.5 trillion km |
| What pulls the matter together within a nebula? | gravity |
Created by:
is2903
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