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APES Mid-term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Using non-renewable resources as if they were unlimited | Non-sustainable activities |
| Nutrient chemistry is the same in freshwater as in salt water. True or False | False |
| A theory is | an integrated explanation of many hypotheses. |
| Too many people in an area | Human overpopulation |
| A consequence of freshwater eutrophication is an increase of fish populations. True or False | False |
| A less developed country compared to a moderately developed country would have | higher rate of population growth; agricultural based economy; less per-capita income; higher dependence on crops. |
| The main idea in the "Tragedy of the Commons" by Hardin could be expressed as | the environmental costs everyone must pay due to individual exploitation of resources. |
| Some examples of the commons, as referred to in Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons," would be | the atmosphere, forests, fresh water resources, marine fisheries |
| The main cause of pollution in Lake Washington, Washington state was | excess, treated sewage from municipal developments |
| The Endangered Species Act (ESA) provides for | the government to protect the habitat of an endangered species to help increase their population. |
| As more pollution is removed from the environment, what happens to the cost of removing more pollution? | The cost of removing pollution increases as more pollution is removed. |
| One of Earth Day's focuses is? | what individuals can do to help the environment |
| In the book, "Silent Spring," Carson brings attention to | concern over the use of pesticides and led to restrictions on the use of pesticides. |
| List some positive outcomes from environmental legislations since, say 1970. | Both the California Gray whale and the Bald Eagle have been removed form the endangered species list; over 20 national parks have been established; soil erosion is down almost 60% |
| The cost of a unit of pollution emitted into the environment. | Marginal cost of pollution |
| Name the US president responsible for setting aside national forests. | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Clean air, groundwater, soil and mineral resources, can be considered as what? | Natural capital |
| Command and control are those laws that do what? | impose rules and regulations to set pollution limits. |
| Given this series of organizational levels, what would be a larger level? species, population, community, ecosystem | The Biosphere |
| Name the type of organism that would be the producer an aphotic, deep ocean hydrothermal vent ecosystem. | bacteria |
| A top level predator that eats a secondary consumer that eats a primary consumer (that eats the producers) would be at what trophic level? | tertiary consumer |
| The first law of thermodynamics. | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. |
| The energy present in the universe will always be the same amount. True or False | True |
| A secondary consumer feeds on | an herbivore |
| Describe the movement of energy in an ecosystem. | Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction. |
| What does a detritivore feed on? | leaf litter, feces and animal carcasses (detritus) |
| A pyramid of biomass displays what? | the relative amounts of biomass in an ecosystem and how that decreases moving up the trophic levels. |
| Having mechanical defenses such as spines is an adaptation of predators. True or False | False. Mechanical devices such as spines are adaptations of prey species. |
| Competitive exclusion principle states... | One species population will grow and outcompete an second similar species to the level that the second species is excluded from the ecosystem. |
| Evolution, as a process, is best exemplified by | a population of insects developing resistance to a pesticide. |
| An example of a keystone species in US temperate forests. | Gray wolves |
| Predation exerts a selective force on the prey, favoring what type of characteristics? | Characteristics that reduce the probability of capture by the predator. |
| Prokaryotic organisms are recognized as | lacking a nucleus and other internal membranes |
| A niche can be described as | an organism's role or lifestyle within an ecosystem |
| Because the ESA prohibits killing an endangered species and farmers and ranchers wanted to kill the wolves near Yellowstone, the wolves were declared as... | experimental nonessential species in that area. |
| The process by which carbon is transferred from living organisms back into the atmosphere. | cellular respiration |
| What natural surface would most likely have the highest albedo (reflective property)? | a glacier |
| What natural, abiotic process is involved with the phosphorus cycle? | erosion |
| Photosynthetic organisms remove CO2 and fix it into | sugar |
| Weather refers to conditions in the atmosphere on an hourly or daily basis, whereas climate refers to ____________ weather conditions. | long term |
| Plants release carbon back to the atmosphere by the process of | cellular respiration |
| Gyres | circular ocean currents |
| N2 gas is converted to ammonia by what process within the nitrogen cycle? | nitrogen fixation |
| Secondary succession | happens in areas lacking vegetation but have soil. |
| Temperate rainforests are dominated by which types of trees? | Hemlocks, cedars, spruces and firs |
| A biome is | a distinct terrestrial region with similar environmental factors regardless of where in the world it occurs. |
| Fire-adapted species are commonly found in which biomes? | temperate grassland, savanna, and chaparral |
| Coral reefs | may occur as barrier, fringing, or atoll formations; protect coastlines from erosion; are found in shallow, nutrient poor, tropical waters; are the most diverse of all marine environments. |
| Phytoplankton and zooplankton; frogs and their tadpoles; cattails and emergent vegetation; worms, insect larvae, and crayfish | All found in limnetic zone. |
| Seagrass beds, coral reefs, oysters, clams, and barnacles, kelp forests. | All found in benthic environment. |
| Tropical rain forests are found | in areas with ancient, mineral poor soil. |
| An example of an area comprised of moist grasslands with rich soils and helpful wildfires. | Shortgrass prairies |
| In what direction is worldwide freshwater use changing? | Worldwide freshwater use is increasing because, on average, each person is using more. |
| A reservoir is | an artificial lake that stores water for later use. |
| A property of water that allows aquatic life to survive winters. | Water freezes from the top down. |
| In North America, water problems are most severe in which region? | American southwest (Colorado river basin) |
| What is one problem with building developments in a flood plain? | Flood damage is extremely costly. |
| The Ogallala aquifer | largest groundwater deposit in the world. |
| One problem in developing countries | individuals do not have sufficient water to meet basic drinking and household needs. |
| Ground water is | water flowing through permeable rocks and sediments. |
| A basic goal of the Clean Water Act | to eliminate the discharge of pollutants and attain water quality levels that are safe for fishing and swimming. |
| "An ounce of preventions is worth a pound of cure." | precautionary principle |
| bioaccumulation | A buildup of pesticides in an organism's body. |
| If a population growth rate is 5%, how many years will it take for the population to double? | Time =70/5% = 14 years |
| Medical advances; agricultural advances; sanitation practices; improved water quality. | All contributing to the increase of human population. |
| If a population growth rate is -0.18%, what pattern would be predicted? | a continuous slow decrease of population |
| Global human population is predicted to stop growing in about 100 years. True or False | True |
| A species that shows r-selection typically | has large broods, short life span, small body size and early maturity |
| One example of a density-dependent limiting factor | disease |
| Zero population growth (ZPG) | is when birth rate equals death rate. |
| What type of relationship might there be between the percentage of women using contraceptives and total fertility rate (TFR) of a population? | One might expect contraceptive use and TFR to be negatively correlated. |
| Famines can be caused by | insect outbreaks; armed conflict; droughts; floods |
| When comparing population and the average age a woman marries and the average number of children born per woman, what might be expected? | The earlier a woman marries, the more children she is likely to have. |
| One way humans throw the carbon cycle out of balance | combustion of fossil fuels |
| Wood is not a fossil fuel. True or False | True. Wood is not a fossil fuel because it comes from recently alive trees rather than fossilized remains of organism. |
Created by:
ccarlough
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