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Ch. 40

Introduction to the clinical laboratory

QuestionAnswer
analyzer automated instrument used to test blood and other body fluids for various substances
anatomical laboratory section of the laboratory that includes histology and cytology
automated method laboratory test preformed on an automated instrument or machine
biopsy removal and microscopic observation of a small piece of living tissue
clinical diagnosis diagnosis based on actual observations, diagnostic results, and symptoms
manual method test method in which the steps of testing are done by hand instead of by automated instrument
normal range range of values in which a test result should fall for most healthy individuals
panel group of blood tests that evaluate the function of a particular body system; aka profile
physician's office laboratory (POL) laboratory within the medical office
proficiency testing tests on unknown specimens provided by an external monitoring agency, such as the state health department, and the college of American pathologists, to meet quality control requirements
qualitative results lab result that is descriptive, rather than providing a numerical value
quality control methods used to monitor the accuracy of lab results
quantitative results results that use a numerical value
reagent substance used in a chemical reaction
reference lab independent lab used by pols and hospitals to perform specialized testing
requisition slip form used to order lab tests
routine test lab test ordered as part of a regular office visit
specimen blood, other body fluid, or body tissue submitted for lab analysis
ALT alanine aminotransferase
AST aspartate aminotransferase
BUN blood urea nitrogen
C&S culture and sensitivity
CBC complete blood count
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aka sed rate
FBS fasting blood sugar
H&H hemoglobin and hematocrit
Lytes electrolytes
PTT partial thromboplastin time
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
example of a health assessment evaluation of electrolytes
example of disease detection prostate specific antigen to screen for prostate cancer
example of diagnosis rapid strep
example of monitoring treatment or disease progression levels of thyroid stimulating hormone
example of disease prevention pap smear
blood typing blood bank
type and screening blood bank
basic metabolic panel chemistry
blood urea nitrogen chemistry
calcium chemistry
cholesterol chemistry
creatine kinase chemistry
creatinine chemistry
electrolytes chemistry
glucose chemistry
liver function panel chemistry
thyroid stimulating hormone chemistry
troponin chemistry
bleeding time coagulation
partial thromboplastin time coagulation
platelet count coagulation
prothrombine time w/ INR coagulation
papanicolaou (PAP) smear cytology
urine cytology cytology
sputum cytology cytology
complete blood count hematology
erythrocyte sedimentation rate hematology
hematocrit hematology
hemoglobin hematology
biopsy histology
rapid strep a microbiology
throat culture microbiology
urine culture microbiology
wound culture microbiology
fungal culture mycology
ova and parasite test parasitology
infectious mononucleosis test serology
rheumatic factor test serology
syphilis tests serology
complete UA urinalysis
urine pregnancy test urinalysis
blood bank section of lab where blood is collected, stored, and prepared for transfusion
chemistry most automated area of the lab, where instruments are computerized and designed to preform single and multiple tests from a small specimen
coagulation usually a subsection of the hematology department that evaluates the overall process of hemostasis
cytology anatomic section of the lab that deals with the study of cells
hematology study of the formed (cellular) elements of the blood
histology some physicians preform biopsies or routine excisions in the office and submit the specimen to a histology lab or reference lab for processing
microbiology responsible for identification of pathogenic microorganisms and hospital infection control
mycology responsible for the collection and isolation of fungi
parasitology responsible for microscopic examination of stool specimens for the presence of parasites, ova, or larvae
serology responsible for evaluating the body's immune responses
urinalysis possibly a separate section or part of the hematology or chemistry section where routine screening procedures are preformed to detect disorders and infections of the kidney
medical technologist (MT) BS in medical technology, clinical lab science, or biotechnology. lab manager, department supervisor, specialist, or general tech $41,000-$52,000
medical lab tech (MLT) associate of science degree, general tech in all lab departments $31,000-$41,000
examples of waived tests dipstick UA, fecal occult blood testing, urine pregnancy test, hemoglobin, blood glucose, rapid strep
what do you do when quality control isn't within the correct limits repeat the control, check control's exp date, check exp date of all testing reagents, check to make sure instrument is calibrated correctly
what is required on every lab requisition slip name of lab where slip was issued, type of test, priority, pt name and address, physician's name and address, pt age and gender, date of collection, lab tests requested, microbiological specimen type, clinical diagnosis, and medications
daily microscope maintenance clean eye pieces and objectives
yearly microscope maintenance professional cleaning
centrifuge / micro-centrifuge maintenance clean inside w/ 10% bleach prn, change brushes prn, check rotation speed yearly
incubator maintenance check temp daily
refrigerator maintenance check temp daily
Created by: rewebb
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