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What does a linear-threshold dose response curve demonstrate?
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What does a linear-nonthreshold dose response curve demonstrate?
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Radiation Protection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does a linear-threshold dose response curve demonstrate? | responses that are proportional to the radiation dose received, but a dose below the threshold, no response effect is likely to occur (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 235) |
| What does a linear-nonthreshold dose response curve demonstrate? | used to indicate responses like radiation induced leukemia, cancer, and genetic effects (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 235) |
| What type of effects are cancer, leukemia, and genetic defects? | stochastic or probabilistic effects (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 235) |
| What does a non-linear threshold dose response curve demonstrate? | response is not proportional to dose, but a dose must be received in order for a response to occur (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 236) |
| What does a non-linear non-threshold dose response curve demonstrate? | response is not proportional to the dose, but any amount of dose could cause an effect, pg. 235) |
| What are nonstochastic/deterministic characteristics? | threshold, non-linear, all early effects, and some later effects (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 237) |
| What are stochastic/probabilistic characteristics? | no threshold, linear, genetic effects, cancer, most late effects (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 237) |
| Linear Energy Transfer and biological damage are _____ proportional? | directly (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 239 |
| What is the main difference between the direct and indirect effect on molecular effects? | direct interacts directly with the key molecule or another protein; indirect takes places away from the key molecule and those free radicals interact with the key molecules (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 239) |
| What type of chain break can cause cell death? | double main chain/side rail scission (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 239) |
| What does the law of Bergonie and Tribondeau state? | the most radiosensitive cells are young, undifferentiated, and highly mitotic cells (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 241) |
| What is the dose needed to cause spontaneous abortion during the first two weeks of pregnancy? | at least 250mGy (25 Rad) (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 241) |
| What are some acute radiation syndromes? | Hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 246) |
| What are the stages of acute radiation syndromes? | Prodromal, Latent, Manifest illness, recovery or death (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 246) |
| What is the purpose of beam restriction? | reduce patient dose, reduces the production of scatter radiation, and improves image quality (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 254) |
| Equipment using 70 kVp or above must have filtration of at least what? | 2.5mmAl (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 258) |
| What are three types of gonadal shielding? | flat, contact, and contour shields (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 259) |
| When should gonadal shielding be used? | gonads lie or within 5cm of the collimation field, patient is of reasonable reproductive potential, and diagnostic objectives permit (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 259) |
| What is the percent that reproducibility must be within? | must not exceed 5% (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 267) |
| What is the percent that linearity must be within? | must not exceed 10% (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 267) |
| The x-ray tube housing must keep leakage radiation to less than what? | 100mR/hr. (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 267) |
| SID must be within ___% of the indicated SID? | 2% (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 267) |
| Tabletop intensity of the fluoroscopic beam must be fewer than what? | 10R/min (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 267) |
| The SSD must be at least ___ for fixed and ___for mobile fluoroscopic equipment? | 15;12 (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 267) |
| What type of switch should the exposure switch be? | Dead man's switch (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 275) |
| Lead aprons and gloves must be at least _____. | 0.25mm Pb (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 275) |
| What are some examples of primary lead barriers? | lead walls and doors (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 275) |
| How tall and thick should primary barrier be? | 7 ft. & 1/16in (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 275) |
| What are some examples of secondary barriers? | walls above 7 ft., control booth (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 275) |
| How thick should secondary barriers be? | 1/32 in (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 275) |
| What is the amount of radiation a person over 18 should not receive | 5rem (50mSv/yr) (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 294) |
| A radiography student participating in clinical education should not receive an annual dose of no more than ____ before the age of 18 | 0.1 Rem (100 mrem) (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 294) |
| The lifetime curriculum exposure for occupational exposed individual is ____ | 1 Rem x age (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 295) |
| The pregnant radiographer gestational exposure to the fetus must not exceed ____ | 0.5 Rem (500mrem, 5mSv) (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 295) |
| The monthly fetal dose must not exceed must not exceed ____ | 0.05 Rem (0.5 mSv) (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 295) |
| What does a roentgen measure? | ionization in air (unit of exposure) (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 288) |
| What is the SI unit for roentgen? | Gray (Gy(a)) (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 288) |
| What does a rad measure? | ionization to tissue (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 288) |
| What is the SI unit for rad? | Gy(t) (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 288) |
| What does a rem measure? | unit of dose equivalence and measures occupational exposure (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 288) |
| What is the SI unit for rem? | Sievert (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 288) |
| What do OSL dosimeters use to measure exposure? | Aluminum oxide (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 289) |
| What are some advantages to the OSL? | ability to measure radiation doses as low as 1 mrem, tamper proof plastic unaffected by heat, can be read out quarterly, multiple readouts (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 289-90) |
| How low of a dose can a film badge readout to? | 10mrem (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg.290) |
| TLD dosimeters use what to measure exposure? | Lithium fluoride (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 291) |
| What are some advantages of the TLD? | unaffected by heat, can be worn up to 3 months, (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 292) |
| What type of radiation does the TLD and OSL measure? | x, beta, gamma radiation (Lange Radiography Prep Book, pg. 292) |
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