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Economy Ch. 14
Unemployment
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Unemployed | The condition of not having a job but being a member of the labor force. Must be jobless, yet actively search for a job in the last four weeks. |
Employed | The condition of having a job. |
Labor Force | The number of unemployed plus unemployed people age 16 and over. |
Unemployment rate | The unemployment rate is equal to the number of unemployed persons divided by the number of people in the labor force |
Labor Force Participation rate | The labor force divided by the working age population. |
Unemployment-to-population ratio | Percentage of the working age population that is classified as employed. |
Marginally attached workers | These are people ready and available to work who have conducted job search within the past 12 months but have not searched in the last 4 weeks and aren't included in the unofficial unemployment statistics. |
"discouraged workers" | People who have given up job searches and are not officially classified as unemployed |
U1 | The unemployment rate that only includes people unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as published by the BLS. |
U2 | The unemployment rate that only includes people who have lost a job as opposed to those who have quit or to those who have entered or re-entered the workforce |
U3 | The official unemployment rate published by the BLS. |
U4 | The unemployment rate that adds discouraged workers to the official unemployment rate, as published by the BLS. |
U5 | The unemployment rate that includes all marginally attached workers, as published by the BLS. |
U6 | Most all- inclusive measure of unemployment as published by the BLS. Includes all those listed in U1-U5 plus those who are employed part time because of economics reasons. |
Frictional unemployment | Voluntary unemployment that occurs when a person the labor force and looks for a job. |
Structural unemployment | Unemployment that is caused by the permanent destruction of jobs in a dying industry , a mismatch between employment skills and the seekers' skill sets, and government programs that create incentives to remain unemployed. |
Creative destruction | Ongoing process of technological innovation and industrial incline. |
Efficiency wages | A wage that exceeds the market wage. |
Cyclical unemployment | Unemployment associated with downturns in the business cycle. |
Full employment | The level of employment that exists when the economy is being productively efficient . |
Natural rate of unemployment | The rate of unemployment that exists when there is no cyclical unemployment present in the economy. |