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Unemployment Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Unemployed | Someone who has actively searched for work in the last four weeks but are not currently employed |
Employed | Those who have worked at least one hour in the previous two weeks |
Labor force | The number of employed persons plus the number of unemployed persons |
Unemployment rate | Percentage of the labor force that is not currently employed |
Labor force participation rate | Percentage of the working age population classified as either employed or unemployed |
Employment-to-Population Rate | Percentage of the working age population that is classified as employed |
Marginally attached workers | People ready and available to work, who have conducted a job search within the past twelve months |
"Discouraged workers" | Unemployed in the general sense Do not meet technical definition=Official Unemployment rate doesn't reflect their numbers |
U3 | Official Unemployment rate |
U1 | Includes people unemployed fifteen weeks or longer |
U2 | Includes people who have lost a job rather than those who have quit or entered or re-entered a labor force |
U4 | Adds Discouraged workers to the official unemployment rate |
U5 | Includes all marginally attached workers |
U6 | Includes all the above plus those who are employed part-time for economic reasons |
Frictional Unemployment | Occurs when people voluntarily enter a labor force, or when they are between jobs for which they are qualified. |
Structural Unemployment | Occurs when job seekers' skill sets are not in demand because of geography or obsolescence |
Creative Destruction | Old technologies and industries are destroyed, which frees up the resources for the new technology and its industries |
Efficiency wages | Those that exceed the equilibrium market wage |
Cyclical unemployment | Occurs because of contractions in the business cycle |
Full Employment | Occurs when cyclical unemployment is not present in the economy |
Natural Rate of Unemployement | In the long run, there is a level of unemployment that the economy maintains independent of the inflation rate |