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Chapter 5
Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring |
| self-pollinating plant | has both male and female reproductive structures |
| true-breeding plant | plant in which its offspring will always have the same trait as the parent |
| cross-pollination | pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovule of a flower on a different plant |
| characteristic | a feature that has different forms in a population |
| trait | a genetically determined characteristic |
| first-generation plants | first set of offspring from a cross of two different plants |
| dominant trait | the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred (stronger trait) |
| recessive trait | a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited (weaker trait) |
| ratio | a relationship between two different numbers that is often expressed as a fraction |
| genes | sets of instructions for inherited traits |
| alleles | alternative forms of a gene that govern a characteristic, such as hair color |
| phenotype | an organisms's appearance or other detectable characteristic |
| albinism | a condition that prevents hair, skin, and eyes from having normal coloring |
| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one of more specific traits |
| homozygous | having two dominant or two recessive alleles for a trait (PP or pp) |
| heterozygous | having one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait (Pp) |
| Punnett square | used to organize all the possible combinations of offspring from particular parents |
| probability | the likelihood that a possible event will occur in any given instance of the event |
| incomplete dominance | when one trait is not completely dominant over another |
| asexual reproduction | does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| sex cells | parent cells (egg and sperm) which carry only half (23) of the usual number of chromosomes |
| homologous chromosomes | have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores) |
| sexual reproduction | the sex cells from two parents unite to produce offspring that share traits from both parents |
| fertilization | when a sperm cell and an egg cell join |
| sex chromosomes | determine the sex of an individual; known as X and Y |
| sex-linked disorders | disorders that are carried on the X chromosome |
| colorblindness | visual disorder that causes people to have trouble distinguishing between certain shades, usually red and green |
| hemophilia | disorder which prevents blood from clotting--can be fatal |
| pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
| cystic fibrosis | a disease which causes serious lung problems |
| selective breeding | the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits |
Created by:
kmbarron
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