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Tortora questions
Neurology 300
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A network of nerves, veins, or lymphatic vessels? | Plexus |
| Motor tracts that convey information from the brain down the spinal cord for automatic movement, coordination of body movements with visual stimuli, skeletal muscle tone and posture and balance. | Indirect motor pathways |
| The most basic conduction pathway through the nervous system connecting a receptor and an effector consisting of a receptor, a sensory neuron, and integrating centre in the central nervous system, a motor neuron, and an effector | Reflex arc |
| Any stress that changes a controlled conditions; any change in the internal or External environment that excites a sensory receptor, a neuron, or a muscle fibre | Stimulus |
| A network of nerves axons of the ventral Rami of spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. The nerves that emerge from it supply the upper limb | Brachial plexus |
| Inflammation of the spinal cord | Myelitis |
| Neurons that conduct impulses from the brain toward the spinal cord or out of the brain and spinal cord into cranial or spinal nerves to effectors that may be either muscles or glands | Motor neuron |
| A group of cell bodies of sensory neurons and their supporting cells located along the posterior root of a spinal nerve | Posterior root ganglion |
| Three membrane covering the brain and spinal cord called the Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater | Meninges |
| A network formed by the ventral branches of spinal nerves L4 through S3 | Sacral plexus |
| Non-nervous fibrous tissue of the spinal cord that extends inferiorly from the conus medullaris to the coccyx | Filum terminale |
| Injection of an anaesthetic drug into the epidural space, the space between the Dura mater and the vertebral column in order to cause a temporary loss of sensation. Such injections in the lower lumbar region are used to control pain during childbirth | Epidural block |
| Collections of upper motor neurons with cell bodies in the motor cortex that project axons into the spinal cord, where they synapse with lower motor neurons or interneurons in the anterior horns | Direct motor pathways |
| Paralysis of both lower limbs | Paraplegia |
| And organ of the body, either a muscle or a gland, that is innervated by somatic or Autonomic motor neurons | Effector |
| The Teebird portion of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement | Conus medullaris |
| A narrow strip of gray matter connecting the two lateral gray masses with the spinal cord | Grey commissure |
| Group of white matter tracts in the spinal cord | Columns |
| A nerve supplying a muscle located between the ribs. Also called the thoracic nerve | Intercostal nerves |
| A tail like array of roots of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord | Cauda equine |
| The cutaneous area developed from one embryonic spinal cord segment and receiving most of its sensory innervation from one spinal nerve. An instrument for incising the skin or cutting thin transplants of skin | Dermatome |
| Neurons that carry sensory information from cranial and spinal nerves into the brain and spinal cord or from a lower to a higher level in the spinal cord and brain | Sensory neuron |
| A proprioceptive receptor, sensitive to changes in muscle tension and force of contraction, found cheifly under the junctions of tendons and muscles | GolGi tendon organs |
| A polysynaptic, ipsilateral reflex that protects tendons and their associated muscles from damage that might be brought about by excessive tension | Tendon reflex |
| The middle of the three meninges of the brain and spinal cord | Arachnoid mater |
| Sensory ( Ascending) tract that conveys information up the spinal cord to the thalmus for sensations of pain, temperature, crude touch, and deep pressure | Spinothalamic tract |
| A space between the spinal Dura Mater and the vertebral canal, containing Areolar connective tissue you and a plexus of beans | Epidural space |
| Inflammation and pain along the sciatic nerve, felt along the posterior aspect of the thigh extending down the inside of the leg | sciatica |
| Connective tissue wrapping around individual nerve axons | Endoneurium |
| A bundle of nerve axons in the central nervous system | Tracts |
| Yes of sensation in a region do to injection of a local anesthetic; an example is local dental anaesthesia | Nerve block |
| paralysis of four limbs, two upper and to lower | Quadriplegia |
| An encapsulated proprioceptor in a skeletal muscle, consisting of specialized intrafusal muscle fibres and nerve endings, stimulated by changes in length or tension of muscle fibres | Muscle Spindles |
| Inner most of the three meninges of the brain and spinal cord | Pia mater |
| A mass of nerve tissue located in the vertebral canal from which 31 pairs of spinal nerves originate | Spinal cord |
| Faster response to a change or stimulus in the internal or Extertal environment that attempts to restore homeostasis | Reflex |
| The structure composed of sensory axons lying between a spinal nerve and the dorsal lateral aspect of the spinal cord | Posterior dorsal root |
| A network formed by nerve axons from the ventral Rami of the first four cervical nerves and receiving gray rami Communicantes from the superior cervical ganglion | Cervical plexus |
| A microscopic tube running the length of the spinal cord in the gray commissure | Central canal |
| An area of gray matter that is anterior, lateral, or posterior in the spinal cord | Horns |
| A period From several days to several weeks following transection of the spinal cord that is characterized by the abolition of all reflex activity | Spinal shock |
| Attacks of pain along the entire course or a branch of a sensory nerve | Neuralgia |
| Space between the arachnoid mater and the Pia mater that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and three which cerebrospinal fluid circulates | Subarachnoid space |
| Outer most of the three meninges, coverings of the brain and spinal cord | Dura mater |
| Branches of a spinal nerve that are components of the autonomic nervous system | Rami communicantes |
| Inflammation of the meninges due to an infection, usually caused by a bacteria or virus. Symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, confusion, lethargy, and drowsiness | Meningitis |
| Space between the Dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the brain and spinal cord that contains a small amount of fluid | Subdural space |
| A network of formed by the anterior, ventral branches of spinal nerves L1 through L4 | Lumbar plexus |
| A sustained partial contraction of portions of a skeletal or smooth muscle in response to activation of stretch receptors or a baseline level of action potential's in the innervating motor neurons | Muscle tone |
| And abnormal sensation such as burning, pricking, tingling, tickling resulting from a disorder of a sensory nerve | Paesthesia |
| The superficial connective tissue covering around an entire nerve | Epineurium |
| Structure composed of axons of motor (Efferent) Neurons that emerges from the anterior aspect of the spinal cord and extends laterally to join a posterior root forming a spinal nerve | Anterior ventral root |
| paralysis of the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb on one side of the body | Hemiplegia |
| A small bundle or cluster, especially of nerve or muscle fibres (cells) | Fasicicles |
| Inflammation of one or several nerves that may result from irritation to the nerve root produced by direct blows, bone fractures, contusions, or penetrating injuries. | Neuritis |
| Additional causes include infections, vitamin deficiency which is usually thiamine and poisons such as carbon dioxide carbon tetrachloride heavy metals and some drugs (con't) | Neuritis |
| Extension of the great toe, with or without fanning of the other toes, in response to stimulation of the outer margin of the sole; cont | Babinski sign |
| normal up to eight months of age and indicative of damage to descending motor pathways such as the corticospinal tract after that | Babinski sign |
| Because they contain both sensory and motor axons spinal nerves are considered to be | Mixed |
| Put the components of the reflex arc in order1. Integrating centre, 2. Effector 3. Sensory neuron 4. Sensory receptor 5. Motor neuron | 4,3,1,5,2 |
| True or false Gray matter of the spinal cord contains somatic motor and sensory nuclei, autonomic motor and sensory nuclei and functions to receive and integrate both incoming and outgoing the information | True |
Created by:
amellstrom
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