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NHA
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aorta | The main trunk of the systemic arteries |
| Antecubital Fossa | The triangular cavity on the anterior section of the arm opposite the elbow |
| Aseptic | Free from pathogenic organism |
| Autoclave | An instrument that sterilizes equipment and supplies high pressure saturated steam |
| Axillary | The area on the human body under the joint that connects the arm to the shoulder |
| Brachial Artery | The major artery of the upper arm |
| Acromial Process | The outermost point of the spine of the shoulder blade |
| Bradycardia | A slow heart rate |
| Biohazard Bag | A container designed to collect biological waste or product that has been contaminated with biological waste |
| Bronchodilators | A substance that dilates the bronchi in the lungs decreasing resistance in the respiratory airways |
| Celsius | A scale for measuring temperature named for Anders Celsius |
| Cerumen | A yellow waxy substance secreted by the ear canal |
| Cidex | A disinfectant and sterilization product of alkaline glutaraldehyde |
| Conjunctiva | A clear mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelid and white part of the eyeball |
| Cyanotic | Appearance of blue or purple skin |
| Diastolic/Diastole | The period of time when the heart fills with blood after contraction |
| Deltoid | The muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder, shaped almost like a letter D |
| EKG | Electrocardiography, a test that records the electrical activity of the heart |
| Fahrenheit | The temperature scale proposed in 1724 by Daniel Gariel Fahrenheit |
| Hemorrhoids | External or internal swollen veins in the anal canal |
| Holter Monitor | A device that measures a patient's cardiac activity over a period of time |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Hypertensive Crisis | A severe increase in blood pressure which could result in stroke |
| Inner Canthus | The corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet |
| Intradermal Injection | An injection within or between the layers of skin |
| Intramuscular Injection | An injection of a substance directly into the muscle |
| Nebulizer | A device that administers medication in a mist form |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| Otoscope | A device used to look into the ears |
| Palpate | To examine by touch |
| Parenteral Medication | Any medication that is administered in a route other than injection |
| Pediatrics | Branch of medicine dealing with the care of infants, children and adolescents |
| Prehypertension | A state of having a high normal blood pressure with the potential for developing high blood pressure |
| Pulmonary Artery | Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs |
| Respirations | The vital sign assessment of observing the number of times the chest rises in 1 minute |
| Sharps Container | A puncture-proof container designed specifically to safely dispose of needles, scalpels, and other sharp disposable medical instruments |
| Sims' Position | Patient lies on the left side with the right knee sharply bent and resting on the exam table |
| Snellen Chart | A chart used to determine visual acuity |
| Sphygmomanometer | A device for performing blood pressure; includes the blood pressure cuff |
| Spirometer | A device that measures the volume of air inhaled and exhaled from the lungs |
| Stethoscope | A device for listening to the internal sounds of the body |
| Subcutaneous Injection | An injection of solution below the skin, into the subcutaneous tissue |
| Supine Position | Patient lies on his or her back |
| Suture | A stitch used to hold skin together |
| Systolic/Systole | The contraction of the heart |
| Tachycardia | An abnormally fast heart rate |
| Temporal Artery | A major artery of the head, under the skin of the forehead |
| Topical | Applied to the surface of the skin |
| Transdermal Patch | An adhesive patch, placed on the skin to administer a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream |
| Tympanic Membrane | A thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear; also known as the eardrum |
| Ventricles | The two large chambers that collect blood from the atria and expel blood to the entire body or to the lungs |
| Venipuncture | Drawing blood from the vein |
| Vital Signs | Measurements observed; measured and monitored to check a patient's level of physical function |
| Which of the following is the proper position for a patient who is to receive a rectal temperature measurement? | Sims' |
| A patient has been diagnosed with COPD. Upon observation, her skin shows signs of being cyanotic and is cold to the touch. Which of the vital signs would be expected to be out of range? | Respirations |
| Which artery is routinely used in performing a manual blood pressure? | Brachial |
| Which is the appropriate angle when administering a subcutaneous injection? | 45 degree |
| Which is the substance that is removed when performing ear irrigation? | Cerumen |
| Which is the appropriate part of the eye at which to aim the solution when beginning to perform an eye irrigation? | Inner canthus |
| A patient measures 5 feet, 8 inches. What is her height in centimeters? (rounded) | 173 inches |
| Which reading would be a normal adult temperature? | 37 degrees Celsius |
| Which blood pressure reading indicates that a patient is in hypertensive crisis? | Systole of 190 |
| Which is the correct device to perform a Pulmonary Function Test? | Spirometer |
| Caregiver | Person delegated to provide care for a partially dependent person |
| Community Services | A service or activity performed by a group of people for the benefit of the public; may be a non-profit organization |
| Electronic Communication | Methods of communication via digital methods such as fax, email, voicemail, or by computer |
| Electronic Health Record | Systematic collection of a patient's health care and treatment in a digital format |
| Electronic Medical Record | Systematic collection of a patient's health care and treatment in a digital format in the physician's office or medical facility |
| EMS | Emergency Medical Service; organization that provides acute medical care out of the hospital and may provide transport to patients in medical crisis |
| Dementia | A loss of brain function-often memory- that occurs with some diseases |
| Fax | Facsimile, the machine or the method by which a scanned printed material is transported via telephone transmission |
| Form Letter | A document with information that can be tailored to individual needs |
| Geriatric | Relating to elderly patients, determined by age and patient's profile |
| HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; a law that governs the sharing or disclosure of patient information |
| Office Manager | Person responsible for day-to-day operation of a company |
| Pediatric | Relating to patients from birth to the age of maturity, usually 18 years of age |
| Practice Management Software | Software that stores patient information for use in billing, scheduling, patient calls, and registration |
| Prefix | The first part of a word, before the root, that may alter the root |
| Root | The central part of a word that may refer to a part of the body or system |
| Suffix | The end part of the word that alters the meaning of the root |
| Subordinate | A person under authority of another person in an organization |
| Supervisor | Person that is in charge of a particular department or facility |
| A physician's signature is required on which letter? | To a medical community committee member |
| In which situation is it appropriate for a physician to discuss a patient's information via email? | Consulting with another physician |
| HIPAA permits faxes in which situations | Forwarding care instructions to a nursing home |
| During directions to fast before lung cancer surgery, a patient stares straight ahead and doesn't respond. Which statement would be appropriate to make to the patient? | Will you repeat to me when you should fast? |
| A patient who does not speak English has four family members in the room, all attempting to speak at once to the medical assistant. Which is the appropriate action? | Ask for one family member to translate |
| What term appropriately describes that a patient's heartbeat is rapid? | Tachycardia |
| Which of the following is the medical term for heart muscle disease? | Cardiomyopathy |
| Which statement would help verify that a patient understands instructions for a urinalysis for a pregnancy test? | I will collect the sample first thing in the morning |
| Which of the following suffixes means "removal of"? | -ectomy |
| What is the appropriate term to inform the nurse that the patient is having difficulty breathing? | Dyspnea |
| Advance Booking | Scheduling appointments for patients on a future date |
| CEU | Continuing education unit |
| Cluster Scheduling | Grouping appointments for patients with similar problems or procedures |
| CMS | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
| Coding | The use of numbers and letters to describe illnesses, diseases, and medical procedures |
| Conditioning | The removal of metal items from paperwork to prepare for placing in medical records |
| Controlled Substances | Medications or substances listed by schedule and controlled under the Controlled Substance Act according to the potential for addiction or medical use |
| Database | The area of POMR charting that includes information such as the patient's chief complaint |
| DEA | Drug Enforcement Agency. A federal law enforcement agency tasked with regulation of controlled substances |
| Durable Supplies | Supplies that are expensive and not often replaced |
| Federal Register | The official daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of federal agencies and organizations |
| Filing | Method by which medical records are kept to ensure ease in updating and finding of records |
| Global Periods | Includes all services related to a procedure during a period of time depending on payor guidelines |
| Indexing | Order in which paperwork is added to a medical record |
| Informed Consent | A form of patient consent in which the patient has been told and understands the procedure that has been prescribed |
| Inpatient | Someone who has been admitted to a hospital or other health care facility |
| Medicare | Government-based health insurance for people over the age of 65 and others with certain disabilities |
| Non-Durable Supplies | Supplies that are inexpensive, and often used and replaced |
| Objective | In the SOAP format, the clinical assessment of a patient. Test results and information that can be observed by others |
| Open Office Scheduling | A method of allowing patients to access medical care without making an appointment |
| Outpatient | Patient who has received a procedure, treatment or test that does not require an overnight stay |
| Pathology | The branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of disease as changes in structure and function |
| POMR | Problem Oriented Medical Records that divide records into four sections-the database, problem, treatment, and progress |
| Privacy Rule | A national standard to protect a patient's medical record and health information |
| Radiology | Medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose and treat diseases |
| Releasing | The marking of a document to indicate that the record is ready for filing |
| Security Rule | A national standard that requires health care professionals to take specific technical precautions to ensure the patient information stored or transmitted in an electronic format remains confidential, accessible, and of high quality |
| SOAP | Charting format that uses subjective, objective, assessment, and planning to organize the information |
| Sorting | Method of preparing medical records for filing by putting into order |
| Subjective | In the SOAP format, any information stated or perceived by the patient; will include patient's chief complaint |
| Tabular List | Volume 1 of the ICD-9-CM containing disease information |
| Wave Scheduling | A method of scheduling patients in which multiple patients are scheduled at one same time and seen in order they arrive at the office |
| Which of the following would be charted in the "objective" section when using the SOAP method? | A patient's blood pressure |
| Using the wave scheduling method, which of the following would be the priority patient to be seen? | The patient who arrives first |
| A patient's blood panel results have been sent to a medical facility. If the medical record is organized by section, how should the new results be placed? | Above the previous blood test results |
| What information is required for a pediatric patient that is not required of an adult patient? | The name of the patient's parent |
| A 22 year old cancer patient has refused chemotherapy. Which of the following is an appropriate statement by the medical assistant? | Will you explain to me what concerns you about this treatment? |
| Who must discuss the informed consent form with a patient prior to the patient signing? | The patient's physician |
| What is the initial information required prior to scheduling an inpatient procedure for a patient? | The patient's physician's order |
| A visiting physician enters a medical facility to meet with the physician attending a patient. What is the appropriate action? | Inform the attending physician that there is a visiting physician |
| Which of the following statements would be appropriate when scheduling an outpatient procedure for a patient? | Will you repeat the date of the procedure? |
| In which of the following situations would a patient be allowed to refuse treatment? | A 13 year old who has miscarried |
| Biohazard | A substance or object that may contain micro-organisms that can spread disease |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; provides safety guidelines for medical offices and facilities |
| Chain of Custody | A method of handling specimens that may be used in a legal setting |
| CLSI | Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute; an organization that sets standards for laboratories |
| Disinfect | To reduce or remove pathogens from surfaces |
| DNA Testing | Identification by looking at the genetic material; includes tests that determine paternity of a pediatric patient |
| Domestic Abuse | Physical, emotional, or verbal abuse performed by someone related to or living with a person |
| HBV | Hepatitis B Virus |
| HCV | Hepatitis C Virus |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| Influenza | A virus commonly known as the flu |
| Immunizations | Injections or medications that help an individual's immune system become fortified against disease |
| The Joint Commission (TJC) | An organization that accredits health care organizations and programs |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Association; an organization that sets guidelines to ensure medical professional safety |
| PPE | Personal Protection Equipment; items used to help prevent contamination from biohazardous materials |
| Sanitation | The process of cleaning equipment and devices after use on a patient and before decontamination or sterilization |
| Sharps Container | A leak-proof, puncture-proof container labeled with a biohazard symbol for the disposal of needles and other sharp medical instruments |
| Standard Precautions | Originally called Universal Precautions when the CDC created the guidelines in the 1980s; guidelines to instruct health care providers to minimize the risk of disease transmission when giving care |
| When there is an electrical fire, which of the following fire extinguishers is the proper one to use? | Class C |
| If blood splashes into the eye of a medical assistant, which of the following steps should be performed first? | Flush with water |
| During a large fire, which of the following is a proper action to take? | Crawl to an exit |
| For a patient undergoing surgery, which of the following does the patient have the right to know? | How many procedures the surgeon has performed |
| A police officer opens a rape kit and hands it to a medical assistant, who presents it to two physicians performing the examination. What information should be on the chain of custody? | Initials and time of the police officer, medical assistant and both physicians |
| For a venipuncture to be performed on a patient suspected of drunk driving, which of the following is the proper cleansing agent? | Benzalkonium Chloride |
| Biohazard | Anything that is a risk to organisms, such as ionizing radiation or harmful bacteria or viruses |
| Bloodborne Pathogens | Pathogenic micro-organisms that are present in human blood and can cause death and disease in humans |
| Blood Culture | A laboratory test used to check for bacteria or other micro-organisms in a blood sample |
| Catheter | A hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel or cavity of the body to withdraw fluids |
| Chain of Custody | The chronological documentation, or paper trail, showing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of specimens, which can be used as evidence |
| Chemical Reagent Strip Testing | A method of urinalysis involving the use of plastic strips to which chemically specific reagent pads are affixed |
| Clean-Catch Midstream Specimen | A method of urine collection that may be ordered to diagnose urinary tract infections or to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy |
| Dermal Puncture | A procedure in which the finger or heel is lanced to obtain a small quantity of blood for testing; also called a capillary draw, finger stick, heel stick, or skin puncture |
| Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) | Used as an anticoagulant to keep blood specimens from clotting |
| Enteric | Pertaining to the intestines |
| Galactosemia | An inherited disorder in which the body is unable to use, or metabolize, the simple sugar galactose, causing the affected patient to be unable to tolerate any form of milk, as well as other foods containing galactose |
| Hematocrit | The proportion of the blood that consists of packaged red blood cells, expressed as a percentage by volume; the hematocrit test measures the percentage of hematocrit in the blood |
| Occult Blood | Blood that comes from a source that cannot be immediately determined, such as a peptic ulcer |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | A metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; causes permanent intellectual disability, seizures, delayed development, behavioral problems, psychiatric disorders, a "mousy" body odor |
| Point of Care | At or near the site of patient care |
| Quality Control | A method of repeated assay of known standard materials and monitoring reaction parameters to ensure precision and accuracy |
| Random Specimen | A single urine specimen taken at any time |
| Reagents | Chemical substances known to react in specific ways; used to detect or synthesize other substances in chemical reactions |
| Reference Laboratory | A laboratory that is outside a patient care facility; usually, it is able to perform many more types of testing than are available at the average hospital laboratory |
| Semen | The thick, whitish secretion of the male reproduction organs discharged from the urethra during ejaculation |
| Sputum | Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through he mouth |
| Stool | Waste or excrement from the digestive tract that is formed in the intestine and expelled through the rectum; also called feces |
| Suprapubic | Pertaining to a location above the symphysis pubis, which is the slightly movable interpubic joint of the pelvis, consisting of two pubic bones separated by a disk of fibrocartilage and connected by two ligaments |
| Timed Specimen | Collected over a predetermined time period to obtain more specific information; such specimens are sometimes collected 2 hours after a meal to test for diabetes |
| Urine | The fluid secreted by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, stored in the bladder, and voided through the urethra |
| Which of the following is the appropriate angle to hold the needle when performing a venipuncture? | 20 degrees |
| What is a blood culture primarily used to check for? | Bacteria |
| When state-required testing of an infant's capillary blood is done, which of the following must occur? | The circles on the filter paper must be totally saturated |
| Fecal specimen collection is used to detect which of the following? | Colorectal cancer |
| Which of the following types of urine collection is required for culture and sensitivity testing? | Clean-catch midstream specimen |
| For which of the following tests should a first-voided morning urine specimen be collected? | Pregnancy |
| Patients and medical assistants must be careful during the collection of sputum samples for a tuberculosis test for which of the following reasons? | The collection containers have a poisonous preservative inside them |
| Tubes needed for culture and sensitivity tests may be kept at room temperature for up to how many hours? | 72 |
| Sealed or locked specimen transfer bags are used as a part of which of the following? | Chain of custody |
| Which of the following is required for all specimens shipped to a reference laboratory? | Watertight secondary containers |
| Bundle Branch | Part of the conduction system responsible for triggering ventricular muscle contraction |
| Bundle of His | Part of the conduction system responsible for conducting a stimulus to the septum and bundle branches |
| Cardiac Arrest | The absence of cardiac activity |
| Coronary Arteries | The arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium |
| Depolarization | A loss of polarization resulting from a sudden influx of sodium ions into the cardiac muscle cells; results in contraction |
| Ectopic | Originating in an area of the heart other than the sinoatrial node |
| Electrocardiograph (EKG) | A graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart |
| Electrode | A specialized interface between the human body and an EKG machine |
| Endocardium | The innermost layer of the heart |
| Epicardium | The outermost layer of the heart |
| Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) | The largest vein in the human body; returns de-oxygenated blood to the heart |
| Intercostal | Between the ribs |
| Ischemia | Insufficient oxygenation of tissue |
| Leads | Flexible or solid insulated conductors connected to or leading out from an electrical device. These conductors are typically placed on the skin surface and designed to measure electrical impulses |
| Mediastinum | One of three compartments inside the chest; encapsulates the heart and great vessels |
| Midaxillary | An imaginary line through the axillary region that separates the front and back of the human body |
| Midclavicular | An imaginary line through the middle of the clavicle that extends vertically |
| Myocardial Infarction | Ischemia and death of heart muscle tissue |
| Myocardium | The middle muscular layer of the heart |
| Pacemaker | A medical device that provides artificial stimulation to heart muscle to trigger contraction |
| Pericardium | A serous sac that encases the heart, is formed from two layers, and is usually filled with small amount of fluid |
| PQRST Waves | The standard waveforms found on the EKG tracing. Each wave corresponds to a specific event within the heart's electrical cycle |
| Precordial Leads | Six EKG leads placed on the anterior chest to record electrical activity or the heart, mainly the electrical impulses originating in the ventricles of the heart's anterior wall |
| Pulmonic Valve (Pulmonary Semilunar) | The pulmonary semilunar prevents blood in the lungs from returning to the right ventricle during diastole |
| Pulmonary Vein | The only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood. The pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs to the heart |
| Purkinje Fiber | Fibers that serve to conduct electrical impulses through the right and left ventricles |
| Repolarazation | The process of moving sodium from inside the cell to the outside, and potassium from outside the cell to the inside. Repolarization involves establishing and electrical gradient across a cell membrane |
| Septum | A dividing wall or partition, such as the one found between the atria and the ventricles |
| Sinoatrial (SA) Node | A small mass of tissue, located in the right atrium, which serves to originate impulses that stimulate the heartbeat. SA node depolarization corresponds to the P wave on the electrocardiogram |
| Superior Vena Cava | The second-largest vein in the human body |
| Tachycardia | Fast heart rate |
| Tricuspid Valve | The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle |
| Vasoconstriction | The act of constricting a blood vessel |
| Ventricle | The ventricles are responsible for pumping blood to the lungs and entire body |
| Bundle Branch | Part of the conduction system responsible for triggering ventricular muscle contraction |
| Bundle of His | Part of the conduction system responsible for conducting a stimulus to the septum and bundle branches |
| Cardiac Arrest | The absence of cardiac activity |
| Coronary Arteries | The arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium |
| Depolarization | A loss of polarization resulting from a sudden influx of sodium ions into the cardiac muscle cells; results in contraction |
| Ectopic | Originating in an area of the heart other than the sinoatrial node |
| Electrocardiograph (EKG) | A graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart |
| Electrode | A specialized interface between the human body and an EKG machine |
| Endocardium | The innermost layer of the heart |
| Epicardium | The outermost layer of the heart |
| Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) | The largest vein in the human body; returns de-oxygenated blood to the heart |
| Intercostal | Between the ribs |
| Ischemia | Insufficient oxygenation of tissue |
| Leads | Flexible or solid insulated conductors connected to or leading out from an electrical device. These conductors are typically placed on the skin surface and designed to measure electrical impulses |
| Mediastinum | One of three compartments inside the chest; encapsulates the heart and great vessels |
| Midaxillary | An imaginary line through the axillary region that separates the front and back of the human body |
| Midclavicular | An imaginary line through the middle of the clavicle that extends vertically |
| Myocardial Infarction | Ischemia and death of heart muscle tissue |
| Myocardium | The middle muscular layer of the heart |
| Pacemaker | A medical device that provides artificial stimulation to heart muscle to trigger contraction |
| Pericardium | A serous sac that encases the heart, is formed from two layers, and is usually filled with small amount of fluid |
| PQRST Waves | The standard waveforms found on the EKG tracing. Each wave corresponds to a specific event within the heart's electrical cycle |
| Precordial Leads | Six EKG leads placed on the anterior chest to record electrical activity or the heart, mainly the electrical impulses originating in the ventricles of the heart's anterior wall |
| Pulmonic Valve (Pulmonary Semilunar) | The pulmonary semilunar prevents blood in the lungs from returning to the right ventricle during diastole |
| Pulmonary Vein | The only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood. The pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs to the heart |
| Purkinje Fiber | Fibers that serve to conduct electrical impulses through the right and left ventricles |
| Repolarazation | The process of moving sodium from inside the cell to the outside, and potassium from outside the cell to the inside. Repolarization involves establishing and electrical gradient across a cell membrane |
| Septum | A dividing wall or partition, such as the one found between the atria and the ventricles |
| Sinoatrial (SA) Node | A small mass of tissue, located in the right atrium, which serves to originate impulses that stimulate the heartbeat. SA node depolarization corresponds to the P wave on the electrocardiogram |
| Superior Vena Cava | The second-largest vein in the human body |
| Tachycardia | Fast heart rate |
| Tricuspid Valve | The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle |
| Vasoconstriction | The act of constricting a blood vessel |
| Ventricle | The ventricles are responsible for pumping blood to the lungs and entire body |
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