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Ortho A&P 2
Orthopedics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fascicles combine into: | muscle body |
| Slow twitch (type I) muscle | Oxidative; Aerobic; Endurance |
| Fast twitch (type II) muscle | Glycolytic (ATP system); Anaerobic; Speed/ Strength |
| Muscle Action: stimulus in neuron: | carried down axon to neuromuscular junction |
| At NMJ: | ACTH released from pre-synaptic vesicles & diffuses across synapse to receptor on muscle |
| Muscle Action: binding at receptor triggers: | depolarization, releasing Ca |
| Muscle Action: Calcium binds: | troponin |
| Muscle Action: troponin is bound; then: | Actin-myosin cross bridges form; muscle contracts |
| Tendon: | Attaches mx to bone; transfers mx action to bone; enclosed within a tendon sheath |
| Ligament: | Attaches bone to bone; provides stability to the joint |
| Dorsal Wrist Compartment I | APL & EPB |
| Dorsal Wrist Compartment II | ECRL, ECRB |
| Dorsal Wrist Compartment III | EPL |
| Dorsal Wrist Compartment IV | extensor digitorum comunis (four tendons) & extensor indicis (EDC, EI) |
| Dorsal Wrist Compartment V | extensor digiti minimi (EDM) |
| Dorsal Wrist Compartment VI | extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) |
| Median nerve: Motor | Wrist flexors, thumb opposition |
| Median nerve: Sensory | Volar thumb, radial 2 ½ digits |
| Ulna nerve: Motor | Intrinsics, Adductor Pollicis |
| Ulna nerve: Sensory | Ulnar 1 ½ digits volar & dorsal |
| Radial nerve: Motor | Wrist extensors, APL, EPB |
| Radial nerve: Sensory | Dorsal thumb & radial half of hand |
| Vertebral Disk contains: | central nucleus pulposus; peripheral annulus fibrosis |
| Anterior Mxs: | Abdominal & Psoas |
| Posterior Mxs: Superficial: | Erector Spinae, Iliocostal, longissimus & spinalis |
| Posterior Mxs: Middle: | Multifida |
| Posterior Mxs: Deep: | Intersegmental |
| Anterior & posterior muscles alternate to: | control trunk movement |
| Sensory Dermatomes: Lumbar & sacral n. innervate: | lower extremities |
| LS Spine Exam: motor: L1: | Hip flexion |
| LS Spine Exam: motor: L2: | Hip adductors |
| LS Spine Exam: motor: L3: | Knee extension |
| LS Spine Exam: motor: L4: | Ankle dorsiflexion |
| LS Spine Exam: motor: L5: | Hallicus Longus extension |
| LS Spine Exam: motor: S1: | Hallicus Longus flexion |
| LS Spine Exam: sensory: L1: | Upper outer thigh |
| LS Spine Exam: sensory: L2: | Mid anterior thigh |
| LS Spine Exam: sensory: L3: | Below patella |
| LS Spine Exam: sensory: L4: | Medial ankle |
| LS Spine Exam: sensory: L5: | First web space |
| LS Spine Exam: sensory: S1: | Lateral ankle |
| LS Spine Exam: DTRs: Knee: | L2,3,4 |
| LS Spine Exam: DTRs: Ankle: | S1 |
| Cartilage is nourished and maintained by: | hydrostatic transfer of joint fluid (no vascular network); need ROM with joint loading |
| Mx decrease w/age | strength dec 15% / decade (50-70 yo); mass dec 40% by 80 yo |
| MS H&P: AMPLE = | Allergies, meds, Past Hx , Last meal, Events of trauma; PE |
| Strength 0/5 | No movement |
| Strength 1/5 | Trace movement, fasciculations |
| Strength 2/5 | FROM without gravity |
| Strength 3/5 | FROM against gravity but no resistance |
| Strength 4/5 | FROM against gravity and mild resistance |
| Strength 5/5 | FROM: Full Resist; Normal ROM |
| Resisted ROM: Neck Flex/Extend: level: | C1-2 |
| Resisted ROM: Neck Lateral Flexion: level: | C3 |
| Resisted ROM: Shoulder Shrug: level: | C4, CN XI |
| Resisted ROM: Shoulder Abduction: level: | C5 |
| Resisted ROM: Elbow Flex-Wrist Extend: level: | C6 |
| Resisted ROM: Elbow Extend: level: | C7 |
| Resisted ROM: Hand Grip: level: | C8 |
| Resisted ROM: Abduction of Fingers: level: | T1 |
| Resisted ROM: Opposition of Fingers/Pincer: level/mx: | Interosseous muscles |
| Resisted ROM: Hip flexion: level: | L1-L3 |
| Resisted ROM: Knee extension / Ankle dorsiflexion: level: | L4 |
| Resisted ROM: Great toe extension: level: | L5 |
| Resisted ROM: Ankle plantar flexion: level: | S1 |
| Pulses : normal = | 2+ |
| Gait categories | Normal, Unsteady, Cautious, Antalgic, Use of assisted devices |
| Open chain exercise: | Distal end of limb is free, isolates mx (i.e., seated leg extension, biceps curl) |
| Closed chain exercise: | Distal end is fixed, recruits accessory muscles (e.g., push-ups, squats) |
| ROM: Hand | CMC flex: 0-15; CMC ext: 0-30; MCP: 0-90; PIP: 0-100; DIP: 0-70 |
| ROM: Elbow | Flexion: 0-150; Pronation/supination: 0-80 |
| ROM: Wrist | Extension: 0-60; Flexion: 0-70; Ulnar deviation: 0-30; Radial deviation: 0-20 |
| ROM: Hip | Flexion: 0-100; Ext: 0-30; Abd: 0-40; Add: 0-20; IR: 0-40; ER: 0-70 |
| ROM: Knee | Flex: 0-140 |
| ROM: Ankle | Dorsiflexion: 0-20; Plantar flexion: 0-40; Inversion: 0-30; Eversion: 0-20 |
| ROM: Cervical Spine | Flexion: 0-45; Extension: 0-45; Lateral flexion: 0-45; Rotation: 0-80 |
| ROM: Thoracolumbar Spine | Flexion: 0-90; Extension: 0-30; Lateral flexion: 0-30; Rotation: 0-30 |
| Axillary nerve innervates: | C5-C6. Motor: deltoid, teres minor, triceps). Sensory: shoulder joint, inferior deltoid |
| Musculocutaneous nerve innervates: | C5-C7. Motor: coracobrachialis, biceps, bracialis. Sensory: radial side of forearm- |
| Radial nerve innervates: | C5-T1. Motor: triceps, hand extensors. Sensory: dorsal hand |
Created by:
Abarnard
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