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OPTHALMICS
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Drugs Submodule
ADN 11B: Drugs Common Submodule
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| OINTMENTS/CREAMS | Topical. Many. wear gloves to apply to any non-intact skin. |
| OPTHALMICS | Locally acting eye drops or ointments. Many. give carefully. avoid touching cornea with tube/dropper. wear gloves. have patient look away from medication when instilling. |
| MINERALS | Calcium. Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4, Iron). Zinc (Zinca Pak). |
| Calcium | dietary supplement/electrolyte replacement. assess for deficiency/need for replacement. monitor for constipation. |
| Ferrous Sulfate | FeSO4, Iron. dietary supplement. assess for iron deficiency/anemia/need for replacement. monitor CBC (Hgb and Hct). monitor ferritin levels. monitor for constipation. may cause gut pain and dark stools. |
| Zinc | Zinca Pak. promotes wound healing, maintains normal growth rates, skin hydration, taste and smell sensation. |
| VITAMINS | Thiamine (Vitamin B1). Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C). Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol). Vitamin E Tocopheryl (Aquavit E). Folate/Folic Acid (Fovite). Multivitamins. |
| Thiamine | Vitamin B1. assess for deficiency/need for replacement. water soluble. necessary for nerve impulse transmission. |
| Ascorbic Acid | Vitamin C. assess for deficiency/need for replacement. water soluble. stimulate collagen formation and tissue repair. |
| Vitamin D | Ergocalciferol. assess for deficiency/need for replacement. fat soluble. aids in absorption of calcium. stimulates skeletal growth. |
| Vitamin E Tocopheryl | Aquavit E. assess for deficiency/need for replacement. fat soluble. maintains RBC integrity. anti-oxidant. inhibits platelet aggregation. |
| Multivitamins | varied vitamin supplementation. check facility specific brand for all ingredients. caution in those that contain Vit K for patients on coumadin. |
| Effecting Immune System: Prednisone | Corticosteroid. for immunosuppression. give w food. side fx: GI upset, mood changes, increased (appetite, susceptibility to infection, glucose levels), delayed wound healing. LONG term adverse fx: muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, GI ulcers, cataracts. taper |
| Glyburide | Micronase, DiaBeta. Oral Hypoglycemic. Management of type II diabetes. monitor glucose levels. Monitor LFTs, BUN and creatinine |
| Ultralente Insulin | Humulin U, Ultralente U, Novolin U. Hypoglycemic. Promotes glucose transport into the cells. Monitor blood glucose. Long acting. SC peaks 10-30. |
| Lente Insulin | Humulin L, Novolin L. Hypoglycemic. Promotes glucose transport into the cells. Monitor blood glucose. Intermediate acting. SC peaks 4-8 hours. |
| NPH Insulin | Humulin N, Novolin H, NPH N. Hypoglycemic. Promotes glucose transport into the cells. Monitor blood glucose. Intermediate acting. SC peaks 4-8 hours. |
| Regular Insulin | Humulin R, Novoline R. Hypoglycemic. Promotes glucose transport into the cells. Give SC. Monitor blood glucose. Give 30 min to 1 hour before meals. SC apak action 2-3 hours. ONLY regular insulin used for sliding scale coverage. |
| Levothyroxin | Synthroid, Levothroid. Thyroid hormone replacement. Dose highly individualized for hypothyroid. Check TSH level. |
| Triamcinolone | Azmacort. Inhaled steroid. Slow bronchodilation. Used to stabilize bronchial inflammation and prevent exacerbations. Not for acute attacks of asthma/bronchospasm. Rinse mouth after use. |
| Becomethasone | Vanceril. Inhaled Steroid. Slow bronchodilation. Used to stabilize bronchial inflammation and prevent exacerbations. Not for acute attacks asthma/bronchospasm. Rinse mouth after use. Varying strengths. |
| Fluticasone | Flovent. Inhaled steroid. Slow bronchodilation. Used to stabilize bronchial infllamation and prevent exacerbations. Not for acute attacks of asthma/bronchospasm. Rinse mouth after use. Varying strengths. |
| Ipatropium | Atrovent. Bronchodilator. Used in COPD, bronchospasm, asthma. Check route. MDI = metered dose inhaler Neb = nebulizer |
| Albuterol | Ventolin, Proventil. Bronchodilator . Rapid action to dilate bronchi. Assess RR, breath sounds and heart rate. Monitor for tachycardiajitteriness. Check route. MDI = metered dose inhaler Neb = nebulizer |
| Simvastatin | Zocor. HMG-CoA reductase or "Statin". Reduces cholesterol (total, LDL, trigs) production in liver. monitor LFTs and monitor for muscle weakness. Increases good cholesterol (HDLs). |
| Atorvastatin | Lipitor. HMG-CoA reductase or "Statin". Reduces cholesterol (total, LDL, trigs) production in liver. Monitor LFTs and monitor for muscle weakness. Increases good cholesterol (HDLs) |
| Bisacodyl | Dulcolax. Stimulant laxative. Given prn constipation. Suppository works w/in 30 minutes. |
| Lactulose | Osmotic laxative. Also prevents absorptionof and lowers ammonia levels. Monitor stools. Give diluted. |
| Magnesium Hydroxide | Milk of Magnesia (MOM). Saline Laxative. Give in no BM in 2-3 days. Monitor for BM in 6-8 hours. |
| Docusate | Colace. Stool softener. Given to prevent constipation. Monitor stools. Hold diarrhea develops. |
| Psyllium | Metamucil. Bulk fiber. To prevent constipation. Stir into at least 8 ozs of water or juice and give immediately. Monitor stools. |
| Omeprazole | Prilosec. Proton pump inhibitor. Prevent or tx of ulcers. Take 30 mins before or 60 min after meals. Monitor LFTs and CBC |
| Cimetidine | Tagamet. Histamine 2 Blocker. Reduces acid production. Ulcer prevention/tx. Interacts with many other drugs. Assess for drug to drug interactions. |
| Famotidine | Pepsid. Histamine 2 Blocker. Reduces acid production. Ulcer prevention/tx |
| Ranitidine | Zantac. Histamine 2 Blocker. Reduces acid production. Ulcer prevention/tx |
| Aluminum & Magnesium | Maalox, Mylanta II. Antacids. Monitor for relief of dyspepsia if given PRN. Monitor BMs. |
| Magnesium Oxide | MgOx. Magnesium Supplement |
| Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate | Kayexalate. Potassium removing resin. Treatment of Hyperkalemia. Comes po/pr. Monitor stools and potassium levels. |
| Potassium Chloride | K dur. Micro K. KCL liquid. Potassium Supplement. Give liquids well diluted. Usually given when potassium wasting diuretic is also given. |
| Hydrochlorothiazide & Triamterene | Dyazide. Maxzide. Antihypertensive. Potassium Sparing diuretic. Monitor for dehydration and hyperkalemia |
| Furosemide | Lasix. Loop diuretic/antihypertensive. Potassium wasting. expect to give with potassium supplement. Monitor for edema/dehydration. Check weight frequently. Monitor BP and potassium levels for hypokalemia. hold if SBP < 90. Monitor for ototoxicity |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) | Hydrodiuril. Thiazide diuretic/Antihypertensive. Potassium wasting. expect to give with potassium supplement. Monitor for edema/dehydration. check wt freq. Monitor BP and potassium levels for hypokalemia. Hold if SBP < 90 |
| Metoprolol | Lopressor. Antianginal/Antihypertensive. Beta Blocker. Slows heart rate and lowers BP. Monitor BP and AP. Hold if AP<60 and if SBP<110 check with MD |
| Propranolol | Inderal. Antianginal/Antihypertensive. Beta blocker. Slows heart rate and lowers BP. Monitor BP and AP. hold if AP<60 and SBP<110 (check with MD) |
| Atenolol | Tenormin. Antianginal/Antihypertensive. Beta Blocker. Slows heart rate and lowers BP. Monitor BP and AP. Hold if AP<60 and check with MD if SBP<110 |
| Amlodipine | Norvasc. Calcium Channel Blocker. Antihypertensive/Antianginal/Antiarrhythmic. Monitor BP. Check with MD if SBP<90 DBP<60 and AP<60 |
| Diltiazem | Cardizem. Antihypertensive/Antiarrhythmic/ Antianginal. Calcium Channel Blocker. Monitor BP and AP. Hold if AP<60, SBP<90 and DBP<60 |
| Captopril | Capoten. Antihypertensive. ACE inhibitor. Monitor K+ level. assess for dry cough. Monitor BP. check with MD if SBP<110. Monitor for sudden drop in BP w/in 3 hrs of initial dose |
| Benazepril | Lotensin. Antihypertensive. ACE inhibitor. Monitor K+ level. assess for dry cough. monitor BP. Check with MD if SBP<110. Monitor for sudden drop in BP w/in 3 hrs of initial dose |
| Lisinopril | Zestril. Antihypertensive. ACE inhibitor. Monitor K+ levels. Assess for dry cough. Check with MD if SBP<110. Monitor for sudden drop in BP w/in 3 hrs of initial dose |
| Clonidine | Catapres. Antihypertensive. Monitor BP. Check with MD if SBP<110 |
Created by:
ellenoche
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