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Human Behavior
first test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychology | |
| history of psychology | psychology has only existed as a science for just a little over 100 years |
| phrenology | read people's personality traits by reading bumps on the head |
| psychiatrist | deals with specific psychological disturbances medical doctors-went to med school prescribe drugs/medication trained for preventing more serious cases |
| psychologist | deals with all sub-fields within psychology does NOT hold a medical degree-not licensed to practice medicine usually holds a PhD |
| sports | works with athletes to help with motivation, performance anxiety, etc. |
| health | nutritionist works on the total well being of the person effects of stress |
| experimental | works primarily in a lab with animals |
| developmental | research behavior change occurring across a life span (birth-old age) can work for toy companies |
| forensic | studies abnormal behavior will work on personality profiles (patterns of behavior) of criminals industrial (organization) |
| social | study who we influence and interact with one another (conformity, prejudice, aggression, altruism) |
| engineering | efficiency expert improve worker productivity study consumer behavior |
| educational | works with the processes of learning (teacher training) guidance counselors school psychologists |
| structuralism | Wilhelm Wundt established the first formal psychological lab in Germany analyzed conscious process into basic elements: sensations, images, feelings and how are these elements connected primary method used introspection-looking within |
| functionalism | 1st American School of Psychology led by William James it's the study of the mind as it functions in adapting the organism to its environment tried to provide objective descriptions of behavior G. Stanley Hall-1st to receive a doctorate in psychology |
| psychoanalytic | Sigmund Freud focused on the development and treatment of abnormal behavior believed that unconscious mental forces direct our everyday behavior |
| behaviorism | John Watson started the ___________ movement from the findings of Ivan Pavlov; psychology should study only what could be observed and measured objectively; behavior is determined by the environment, we are a product of learned responses |
| humanism | Carl Rogers behavior is a reflection of internal growth every individual has the need to be self-actualized |
| cognitive | compares the human mind to a computer we are information processors; product of various internal sentences and thoughts MEMORIES |
| population | a finite or infinite collection of items under consideration |
| sample | a portion drawn from a population study results estimates attributes of the whole population |
| subjects | a person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with |
| naturalistic | observe and record behavior of organisms in natural environment adv: normal behavior, unaware they are being watched disadv: incorrect interpretation |
| observation | observe and record behavior under controlled conditions (experimental/laboratory setting) adv: researchers can be objective, accurate information (usually) disadv: artificial setting |
| case study | get into the background of the subject by asking questions of family, friends, home life, neighborhood, school, etc. adv: detailed info, shed light on present behavior disadv: reports can be biased, subject reports may not be honest |
| survey/questionaire | gathering information on feelings, opinions, and behavior patterns adv: can be amazingly accurate disadv: sample may not be representative of the population |
| measures | |
| repeated measures | |
| matched pairs | |
| experiment | |
| hypothesis | tentative assumption "if, then" statements ALWAYS states VARIABLES |
| variables | independent and dependent |
| dependent variable | quantifiable reaction the participants have to the independent variable behavior is getting measured EFFECT in that cause-effect chain |
| independent variable | variable in the experiment that is changed or manipulated CAUSE in the cause-effect chain |
| experimental group | people undergoing the condition (IV) under study |
| control group | condition (IV) is not present |
| ethics/APA | American Psychological Association |
| guidelines | consent, deception, debriefing/informed consent, withdrawal, confidentiality/privacy, protection, giving advice to participants, monitoring colleagues |
Created by:
jchase1117
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