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Terminology #6
Cardiovascular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aorta | largest artery of the body; vessel through which oxygenated blood exits the heart |
| aortic valve | valve between the aorta and the left ventricle |
| arteriole | a tiny artery connecting to a capillary |
| artery | a thick-walled blood vessel that, in systemic circulation, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart |
| atrioventricular bundle | bundle of fivers in the inter ventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart's conduction system; also called bundle of His |
| atrioventricular (AV) node | specialized part of the interatrial septum that sends a charge to the bundle of His |
| atrioventricular valve | one of two valves that control blood flow between the atria and ventricles |
| atrium (p. atria) | either of the two upper chambers of the heart |
| bicuspid valve | atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart |
| blood | essential fluid made up of plasma & other elements that circulates throughout the body; delivers nutrients to and removes waste from the body's cells |
| blood pressure | measure of the force of blood surging against the walls of the arteries |
| blood vessel | any of the tubular passageways in the cardiovascular system through which blood travels |
| bundle of His | *see atrioventricular bundle |
| capillary | the smallest blood vessel that forms the exchange point between the arterial and venous vessels |
| carbon dioxide | waste material transported in the venous blood |
| cardiac cycle | repeated contraction and relaxation of the heart as it circulates blood within itself and pumps it out to the rest of the body or the lungs |
| cardiovascular | Relating to or affecting the heart and blood vessels. |
| carotid artery | artery that transports oxygenated blood to the head and neck |
| conduction system | part of the heart containing specialized tissue that sends electrical charges through heart fibers, causing the heart to contract and relax at regular intervals |
| coronary artery | blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the heart |
| depolarization | contracting state of the myocardial tissue in the heart's conduction system |
| diastole | relaxation phase of a heartbeat |
| ductus arteriousus | structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetus's nonfunctioning lungs |
| ductus venosus | structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetal liver |
| endocardium | membranous lining of the chambers and valves of the heart; the innermost layer of heart tissue |
| endothelium | lining of the arteries that secretes substances into the blood |
| epicardium | outermost layer of heart tissue |
| femoral artery | an artery that supplies blood to the thigh |
| foramen ovale | opening in the septum of the fetal heart that closes at birth |
| heart | muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and sends it into the arteries |
| inferior vena cava | large vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium |
| left atrium | upper left heart chamber |
| left ventricle | lower left heart chamber |
| lumen | channel inside an artery through which blood flows |
| mitral valve | *see bicuspid valve |
| myocardium | muscular layer of heart tissue between the epicardium and the endocardium |
| pacemaker | term for the sinoatrial (SA) node; also, an artificial device that regulates heart rhythm |
| pericardium | protective covering of the heart |
| polarization | resting state of the myocardial tissue in the conduction system of the heart |
| popliteal artery | an artery that supplies blood to the cells of the area behind the knee |
| pulmonary artery | one of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary valve | valve that controls the blood flow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries |
| pulmonary vein | one of four veins that bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
| pulse | rhythmic expansion and contraction of a blood vessel, usually an artery |
| repolarization | recharging state; transition from contraction to resting that occurs in the conduction system of the heart |
| right atrium | upper right chamber of the heart |
| right ventricle | lower right chamber of the heart |
| saphenous vein | any of a group of veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the legs |
| semilunar valve | one of the two valves that prevent the back flow of blood flowing out of the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary artery |
| septum (p. septa) | partition between the left and right chambers of the heart |
| sinoatrial (SA) node | region of the right atrium containing specialized tissue that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle, causing it to contract |
| sinus rhythm | normal heart rhythm |
| super vena cava | large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart |
| systole | contraction phase of the heartbeat |
| tricuspid valve | atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart |
| valve | any of various structures that slow or prevent fluid from flowing backward or forward |
| vein | any of various blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein |
| vena cava (p. venae cavae) | *see superior vena cava & inferior vena cava |
| ventricle | either of the two lower chambers of the heart |
| venule | a tiny vein connecting to a capillary |
| angiocardiography | viewing of the heart and its major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium |
| angiography | viewing of the heart's major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium |
| aortography | viewing of the aorta by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium |
| arteriography | viewing of a specific artery by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium |
| auscultation | process of listening to body sounds via a stethoscope |
| cardiac catheterization | process of passing a thin catheter through an artery or vein to the heart to take blood samples, inject a contrast medium, or measure various pressures |
| cardiac enzyme tests/studies | blood tests for determining levels of enzymes during a myocardial infarction; serum enzyme tests |
| cardiac MRI | viewing of the heart by magnetic resonance imaging |
| cardiac scan | process of viewing the heart muscle at work by scanning the heart of a patient into whom a radioactive substance has been injected |
| cholesterol | fatty substance present in animal fats; cholesterol circulates int the bloodstream, sometimes causing arterial plaque to form |
| digital subtraction angiography | use of two angiograms done with different dyes to provide a comparison between the results |
| doppler ultrasound | ultrasound test of blood flow in certain blood vessels |
| echocardiography | use of sound waves to produce images showing the structure and motion of the heart |
| ejection fraction | percentage of the volume of the contents of the left ventricle ejected with each contraction |
| electrocardiography | use of the electrocardiograph in diagnosis |
| holter monitor | portable device that provides a 24-hour electrocardiogram |
| lipid profile | laboratory test that provides the levels of lipids, triglycerides, and other substances in the blood |
| multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) angiography | radioactive scan showing heart function |
| phlebography | viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium |
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan | type of nuclear image that measures movement of areas of the heart |
| serum enzyme tests | laboratory tests performed to detect enzymes present during or after a myocardial infarction; cardiac enzyme studies |
| sonography | production of images based on the echoes of sound waves against structures |
| sphygmomanometer | device for measuring blood pressure |
| stress test | test that measures heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions while the patient is exercising on a treadmill |
| triglyceride | fatty substance; lipid |
| venography | viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium |
| ventriculogram | x-ray of a ventricle taken after injection of a contrast medium |
| aneurysm | ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall |
| angina | angina pectoris |
| angina pectoris | chest pain, usually caused by a lowered oxygen or blood supply to the heart |
| aortic regurgitation | backward flow or leakage of blood through a faulty aortic valve |
| aortic stenosis | narrowing of the aorta |
| arrhythmia | irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| arteritis | inflammation of an artery or arteries |
| asystole | cardiac arrest |
| atheroma | a fatty deposit (plaque) in the wall of an artery |
| atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries caused by the buildup of atheromas |
| atrial fibrillation | an irregular, usually rapid, heartbeat caused by overstimulation of the AV node |
| atrioventricular block | heart block; partial or complete blockage of the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles |
| bacterial endocarditis | bacterial inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
| bradycardia | heart rate of fewer then 60 beats per minute |
| bruit | sound or murmur, especially an abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation, especially of the carotid artery |
| cardiac arrest | sudden stopping of the heart; also called asystole |
| cardiac tamponade | compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| claudication | limping caused by inadequate blood supply during activity; usually subsides during rest |
| coarctation of the aorta | abnormal narrowing of the aorta |
| congenital heart disease | heart disease (usually a type of malformation) that exists at birth |
| constriction | compression or narrowing caused by contraction, as of a vessel |
| coronary artery disease | condition that reduces the flow of blood and nutrients through the arteries of the heart |
| cyanosis | bluish or purplish coloration, as of the skin, caused by inadequate oxygenation of the blood |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of a thrombus (clot) in a deep vein, such as a femoral vein |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm |
| embolus | mass of foreign material blocking a vessel |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium, especially an inflammation caused by a bacterial or fungal agent |
| essential hypertension | high blood pressure without any known cause |
| fibrillation | random, chaotic, irregular heart rhythm |
| flutter | regular but very rapid heartbeat |
| gallop | triple sound of a heartbeat, usually indicative of serious heart disease |
| heart block | *see atrioventricular block |
| hemorrhoid | varicose condition of veins in the anal region |
| high blood pressure | *see hypertension |
| hypertension | chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90 |
| hypertensive heart disease | heart disease caused, or worsened, by high blood pressure |
| hypotension | chronic condition with blood pressure below normal |
| infarct | area of necrosis caused by a sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood |
| infarction | sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood, often due to an embolus or thrombus |
| intermittent claudication | attacks of limping, particularly in the legs, due to ischemia of the muscles |
| intracardiac tumor | a tumor within one of the heart chambers |
| ischemia | localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction |
| low blood pressure | *see hypotension |
| mitral insufficiency / reflux | backward flow of blood due to a damaged mitral valve |
| mitral stenosis | abnormal narrowing at the opening of the mitral valve |
| mitral valve prolapse | backward flow of blood into the left atrium due to protrusion of one or both mitral cusps into the left atrium during contractions |
| murmur | soft heart humming sound heard between normal beats |
| myocardial infarction | sudden drop in the supply of blood to an area of the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in a coronary artery |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium |
| necrosis | death of tissue or an organ part due to irreversible damage; usually a result of oxygen deprivation |
| occlusion | the closing of a blood vessel |
| palpitations | uncomfortable pulsations of the heart felt as a thumping in the chest |
| patent ductus arteriosus | a condition at birth in which the ductus arteriousus, a small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, remains abnormally open |
| perfusion deficit | lack of flow through a blood vessel, usually caused by an occlusion |
| pericarditits | inflammation of the pericardium |
| peripheral vascular disease | vascular disease in the lower extremities, usually due to the blockages in the arteries of the groin or legs |
| petechiae | minute hemorrhages in the skin |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| plaque | buildup of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery |
| premature atrial contractions (PACs) | atrial contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations |
| premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) | ventricular contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations |
| pulmonary artery stenosis | narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood from the heart to oxygenate |
| pulmonary edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs |
| raynaud's phenomenon | spasm in the arteries of the fingers causing numbness or pain |
| rheumatic heart disease | heart valve and/or muscle damage caused by an untreated streptococcal infection |
| risk factor | any of various factors considered to increase the probability that a disease will occur; for example, high blood pressure and smoking are considered risk factors for heart disease |
| rub | frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually indication a pericardial murmur |
| secondary hypertension | hypertension having a known cause, such as kidney disease |
| septal defect | congenital abnormality consisting of an opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles |
| stenosis | narrowing, particularly of blood vessels or of the cardiac valves |
| tachycardia | heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute |
| tetralogy of fallot | set of four congenital heart abnormalities appearing together that cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, incorrect position of the aorta, and rich ventricular hypertrophy |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein with a thrombus |
| thrombosis | presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel |
| thrombotic occlusion | narrowing caused by a thrombus |
| thrombus | stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood |
| tricuspid stenosis | abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve |
| valvulitis | inflammation of a heart valve |
| varicose vein | dilated, enlarged, or twisted vein, usually on the leg |
| vegetation | clot on a heart valve or opening, usually caused by infection |
| anastomosis | surgical connection of two blood vessels to allow blood flow between them |
| angioplasty | opening of a blocked blood vessel, as by balloon dilation |
| angioscopy | viewing of the interior o f a blood vessel using a fiberoptic catheter inserted or threaded into the vessel |
| arteriotomy | surgical incision into an artery, especially to remove a clot |
| atherectomy | surgical removal of an atheroma |
| balloon catheter dilation | insertion of a balloon catheter into a blood vessel to open the passage so blood can flow freely |
| balloon valvuloplasty | procedure that uses a balloon catheter to open narrowed orifices in cardiac valves |
| bypass | a structure (usually a vein graft) that creates a new passage for blood flow from one artery to another artery or part of an artery; used to create a detour around blockages in the arteries |
| cardiopulmonary bypass | procedure used during surgery to divert blood flow to and from the heart through a heart- lung machine and back into circulation |
| coronary angioplasty | *see angioplasty |
| coronary bypass surgery | *see bypass |
| embolectomy | surgical removal of an embolus |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of the diseased portion of the lining of an artery |
| endovascular surgery | any of various procedures performed during cardiac catheterization, such as angioscopy and atherectomy |
| fontan's operation | surgical procedure that creates a bypass from the right atrium to the main pulmonary artery; fontal's procedure |
| graft | any tissue or organ implanted to replace or mend damaged areas |
| heart transplant | implantation of the heart of a person who has just died into a person whose diseased heart cannot sustain life |
| hemorrhoidectomy | surgical removal of hemorrhoids |
| intravascular stent | stent placed within a blood vessel to allow blood to flow freely |
| percutaneous trans luminal coronary angioplasty | *see balloon catheter dilation |
| phlebotomy | drawing blood from a vein via a small incision |
| stent | surgically implanted devices used to hold something (as a blood vessel) open |
| thrombectomy | surgical removal of a thrombus |
| valve replacement | surgical replacement of a coronary valve |
| valvotomy | incision into a cardiac valve to remove an obstruction |
| valvuloplasty | surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve |
| venipuncture | small puncture into a vein, usually to draw blood or inject a solution |
Created by:
Kass.Ignacio
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