Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Gram negative bugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Haemophilus influenzae - Diseases, worst type | Epiglottis, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia, Capsule B |
| Haemophilus Influenzae characteristics: shape, Exotoxin | Coccoid, IgA protease, has a capsule |
| Treat H. influenzae with | Ceftriaxone |
| Legionella pneumophilia characteristics: | facultative anaerobe |
| Treat legionnaires disease with___- | Treat with Macrolides (erythromycin); no person-to-person contact |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa disease | Pneumonia, Sepsis (black lesion in skin), External otitis, Drus use (Acute endocarditis, osteomyelitis), Diabetic osteomyelitis, hot tub folliculitis |
| Treat pseudomonas with | Extended spectrum penicillin (piperacillin, ticarcillin) |
| What are the 3 antigens produced by enterobacteriae and what do each do? | O = excreted component of LPS, K = Kapsule (covers antigen), H = Part of flagella on bacteria that are motile |
| Klebsiella diseases | 4 A's Aspiration pneumonia, Abcess in lungs, Alcoholics, di-A-betics, Cavitary pneumonia with red current jelly sputum; especially prevalent in alcoholics and diabetics; also causes nosocomial UTIs |
| Salmonella - | Invasive diarreha with blood an mucus |
| (Shigella/salmonella) have flagella? Salmonella/Shigella produce H2S? | Salmonella (like salmon, salmonella are good swimmers). Salmonelle produces H2s |
| Shigella/salmonella is more virulent? | Shigella |
| How do shigella move? | actin polymerization |
| Salmonella Typhi: invasive? symptoms? Chronic carriers release bacteria that are stored in ___ | causes typhoid fever; invades lymph nodes, diarrhea, headache, rose spots on abdomen; gallbladder |
| Non-invasive diarrhea: | E. coli, V. cholerae |
| Invasive diarrhea (epithelium) | E. coli, Shigella, salmonella |
| Invasive diarrhea of lymph nodes | Salmonella typhi, Yersinia, Campylobacter |
| Yersinia enterocolitica is transmitted via ___. Outbreaks commonly occur in what setting? | Transmission = fecal oral; puppies, contaminated milk/pork. Day care centers |
| Symptoms of yersinia | fever, diarrhea, RLQ pain, ulcerations in terminal ileum (mimics crohns and appendicitis) |
| Helicobacter pylori causes ___ and ___ ulcers | gastritis and duodenal uclers |
| Helicobacter pylori puts people at risk for ___,___,___. | Peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, lymphoma |
| Treatment for helicobacter pylori | Triple therapy: 1)bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline OR 2) Metronidazole, omeprazole, clarithromycin (more expensive) |
| Spirochetes: how are they visualized | Borrelia (Giemsa; its big), Treponema (dark-field), leptospira |
| Leptospira characteristics. Where is it found? | Spirochete that is shaped like a question mark and found in animal urine. Leptospirosis gives flulike symptoms fever, headache, ab pain, jaudice (2 phases) |
| Weil's disease is caused by ____. It presents with | Icterhemorrhagic jaundice- due to leptospira. Starts with syndrome like a fever of unknown origin, then, petechial/subconjunctival hemorrhages, elevated liver enzymes, and protein may have serosal hemorrhages. Common in tropics with animals, water, mud |
| Lyme disease is caused by ____ | Borrelia burgdoferi |
| To look at this organism you use ____. To diagnose Lyme's disease, you use ____> | Giemsa, Western blott, ELISA |
| Lyme's disease: vector ___, reservoir ____, carrier of life cycle ____. | vector = ixodes tick, reservoir = mouse, life cycle = white tailed deer |
| Desribe rash for Lyme's diseas | Erythema chronicum migrans. "Bulls eye" red rash with central/blue clearing. |
| What are the organ's affected by lyme disease | Remember BAKE key LYME pie. Bell's palsy (neuro), Arthritis (joints), Kardiac (AV block), Erythema migrans (rash). |
| Describe 3 stages of Lyme' disease: | Stage 1: erythema chronicum migrans, flulike symptoms, lymphadenopathy Stage 2: neurologic cardiac manifestations, Stage 3: chronic monoarthritis, migratory polyarthritis, neuro |
| What is lyme's disease treated with? | Doxycycline |
| Yaws is caused by ____, syphillus is caused by ____. | Treponema petunue = yaws, Treponema pallidum = syphillus |
| Yaws symptoms, what causes it, where is it found | infection of skin, bone and joints that heals with keloids --> severe limb deformities, Treponema pertenue, found in the tropics |
| Rash of syphillis | Secondary syphillis = maculopapular rash on palms and soles |
| Describe the three stages of syphillis | 1. painless chancre 2. disseminated maculopapular rash (palms, soles), condylomata lata, lymphadenopathy; treponema found in both lesions 3. Gumma (disfiguring), aortitis (aneurysm), neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis), Argyll robertson pupil |
| Signs of tertiary syphillis | broad based ataxia, positive Romberg, Charcot joints, stroke without hypertension |
| congenital syphillis | Saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson's teeth |
| 2 tests for syphillis are ____, ____. ____ is the most specific. | VDRL, FTA. FTA is the most specific |
| + VDRL, FTA = , +VDRL,-FTA = , -VDRL, + FDA = | + VDRL, FTA = Active infection, + VDRL, -FTA = false positive, - VDRL, + FTA = Successfully treated; serologic tests are still positive in latent syphillis (occurs after secodary syphillis) |
| VDRL false positives | V = viruses (hepatitis, mono), D=Drugs, R= Rheumatic fever, L= Lupus/leprosy |
| Cat Scratch: How is it transmitted, bacteria, symptoms | Bartonella henselae, cat scratch, presents with increased size regional lymph node, low grade fever |
| Lyme Disease: Vector, Reservoir, bacteria | vector = Tick (Ixodes), Reservoir = deer, mice, bacteria = Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Brucellosis: How is it transmitted, bacteria, symptoms | Dairy products (unpasteurized), animals (cow, pig, goat dog); thick of a vet, animal packer, traveler drinking dairy. Presents with undulant fever that peaks at night |
| Tularemia: Vector, Reservoir, bacteria, symptoms | Vector:Tick, Reservoir = rabbits, deer, bacteria = Francisella tularensis, Presents with black ulcer lesion, lymphadenopathy OR aersol (it produces a spore) with pneumonia |
| Bubonic plague: Vector, Reservoir, bacteria, Treatment | vector: flea, reservoir: rodents, prarie dogs; think of camper in AZ/NM. Yersinia pestis. Treat with aminoglycosides |
| Cellulitis: How its transmitted, bacteria | Transmitted via animal bite, Pasteurella multocida |
| Gardnerella vaginalis produces ___ discharge, ___ smell and works with ____, an anaerobe. Clue cells are presetn | White/gray vaginal discharge, fish smell, Mobiluncus (anaerobe) |
| Obligate intracellular organisms include ___ and ___. They need both ___ and ___ from cells. | Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae. They need both CoA and NAD |
| Except for ____ and ____ all Rickettsiae cause ___, ___,___. | Coxiella and Ehrlichois, Triad: fever, headache and rash |
| Rickettsia rickettsii: Disease and vector | Rocky Mountain Fever, tick |
| R. typhus:Disease and vector, reservoir | Endemic typhus, fleas,rodents |
| R. prowazekii: Disease and vector, reservoir | Epidemic typhus, lice, flying squirrels |
| Ehrlichia: disease, vector | Ehrlichiosis, tick (NO RASH, some inclusion bodies) |
| Coxiella burnettii: disease and vector | Q fever (inhaled aerosols), pnemonia with soaking sweats, abrupt fever; found in milk, tick and cattle |
| Rash on sole/palms =, rash on trunk = | Rash on sole/palms = rickettsiae, trunk = typhus (can get gangrene) |
| Name all the bugs with rashes on soles/palms | CARS(use your palms/soles to drive) = Coxsackie A, Rocky mountain spotted fever, syphillis |
| Weil-Felix reaction = positive for ___, ____, negative for ___, ____. what is the species thats used to cross react? | + = typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever, - = Q fever, Use proteus vulgaris |
| Chlamydia are intracellular parasites that cannot make ___. They have 2 forms: | ATP. Elementary body, reticulate body |
| enters via endocytosis, non-replicating, inhibits phagosome fusion, infectious | Elementary body |
| Replicats | Reticulate body (initial body) |
| Chlamydial cell wall lacks | Muramic acid and peptidoglycan |
| Chlamydia trachomatis causes: | Reactive arthritis (Reiter's) in 20-40, non-gonoccocal urethritis, PID, conjunctivitis, FHC syndrome, Lymphogranuloma Venerum |
| Forms of chlamydia that cause Atypical pnemonia | C. pneumoniae, C. psittacci |
| Treatment for Chlamydia | Erythromycin, tetracycline |
| Lymphogranuloma venerum | painless papule on genital that migrates to lymph nodes |
| Fitz-Hugh Curtis | Infection of liver capsule with RUQ syndrome |
| Bacteria that produce atypical pneumonia | Legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia |
| Coverage for atypical pneumonia | macrolides, quinolones, tetracycline |
| Serotype ABC | Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection |
| L1,L2,L3. will have a positive ___ test | Lymphogranuloma, Frei test |
| Weil-felix test is for ___, Frei test is for___ | Weil-felix: rickettsiae, Frei = chlamydia (lymphogranuloma) |
| Mycoplasma is grown on ___ agar and produces what type of antibodies? | Mycoplasma = atypical pneumonia, Eaton's agar, produces IgM cold agglutins |
| Treat mycoplasma with | Tetracycline, erythromycin |
Created by:
ddecampo
Popular USMLE sets