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Exam 2
Units 5-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Intrinsic Motivation is a component of? | |
| According to Rosenthal's Pygmalion effect? | Student's will meet the unconscious expectations of their teachers |
| Who proposed that our intelligence fits into a triarchic model? | Sternberg |
| When a conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, a resulting decrease in the conditioned response is called | extinction |
| Which demographic would be most likely to exhibit Fluid Intelligence? | The young (4-20 years old) |
| This disorder is characterized having an extra 21st chromosome? | Down syndrome |
| Which of the following kinds of learning is involved when a person displays a new behavior after watching someone else perform it? | Observational learning |
| Which of the following is not a component of emotional intelligence? | Preserving emotions |
| Which theorist has the least to do with linguistics? | James |
| Two-year-old Philip was recently clawed by the neighbor's cat. Philip's tendency to fear all small animals demonstrates the process of: | generalization |
| General intelligence test scores obtained during adolescence best predict which of the following? | Grades in school |
| The study of respondent behavior is to _______ as the study of operant behavior is to _______ | Pavlov; Skinner |
| Your ability to encode declarative memory would be most harmed by damage to the? | Hippocampus |
| Dr. Mathews places a rat in a small, glass-enclosed chamber where it learns to press a bar to obtain a food pellet. Obviously, Dr. Mathews is using a _____ to study learning. | Skinner box |
| 5-year-old Tim is emotionally disturbed & refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, & finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher has used t | |
| Which of the following is an example of discrimination learning? | A dog trained to salivate to a particular tone does not salivate to any other tone. |
| You can hold approximately _______ items in your short term memory at a time? | 7 +/- 2 |
| Which of the following is NOT learned through operant conditioning? | A fish swimming to the top of the tank when a light goes on |
| B. F. Skinner's claim that the environment determines an individual's behavior was criticized for | failing to acknowledge cognitive influences on behavior |
| The Little Albert experiment is an example of? | classical conditioning |
| According to social learning theory, aggression is the result of which of the following? | Modeling |
| Which theorist has the least to do with Learning? | Loftus |
| The psychoanalytical phenomena that causes repression is? | Motivated Forgetting |
| The BITCH test is used primarily | As an aptitude test that illustrates the dangers of cultural bias |
| Holding a predetermined belief about a group of people, regardless of the personal qualities of the individual members, is referred to as | stereotyping |
| The smell of freshly baked bread awakened in Mr. Wilson vivid memories of his early childhood. The aroma apparently acted as a powerful: | retrieval cue |
| John loves to fish. He puts his line in the water and leaves it there until he feels a tug. On what reinforcement schedule will he be rewarded? | Variable interval |
| George was feeling depressed at the time he read a chapter of his history textbook. George is likely to recall best the contents of that chapter when he is: | depressed |
| If students get approximately the same score on the second administration of a test as they did on the first, then the test is | reliable |
| Which of the following examples best illustrates episodic memory? | Remembering that a clown was at your fifth birthday |
| The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a: | fixation |
| The fleeting "off-loading zone" of your mind where visual and auditory information are perceived. | Sensory memory |
| Watching a TV soap opera involving martial conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall provides an example of: | priming |
| Repression involves a failure in | |
| In memory experiments on free recall, the recency effect refers specifically to the | enhanced recall of items at the end of a list of words |
| Mr. McIntire does not like Donald Trump for political candidacy. Adam brings up several points in Trump's support, but Mr. McIntire won't acknowledge that those points have any validity, Mr. McIntire is being? | Cynical |
| Your car beeping until you put on your seat belt on can best be described as? | Negative Reinforcement |
| Jake skateboards based solely on that knowledge that Mr. H watches him like a hawk, because he associates skateboarding with illegal behavior. Mr. H uses what to make his judgement? | Representatives Heuristic |
| Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues? | recall |
| Framing refers to: | the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded |
| Money most often modifies people's behavior because it is a powerful | secondary reinforcer |
| This psychologist spent his career studying classical conditioning | Watson |
| The first theorist to study the topic of learning as we understand it today was | |
| Erika and Janice are having an argument. Erika brings a very good point and Janice is considering the point's validity. Janice is being? | Open-minded |
| A variable-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after: | an unpredictable time period has elapsed |
| Which of the following kinds of learning is indicated by the ability to recall a memorized list of unrelated words in reverse order? | serial |
| Which is not among the intelligence's listed in the multiple intelligence theory? | Social |
| An animal trainer is teaching a poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing its front paws on the ball, & finally only for climbing on the ball. The trainer is using the method of: | |
| Of the following, which is essential for operant conditioning to occur? | A behavioral consequence |
| The experiments of Bandura and Clark illustrate all of the following except? | That humans are destructive by nature |
| A trainer wants to train a parrot to peck a key to obtain food. If he wants the parrot to learn this trick quickly & also to be resistant to extincting, he should use _ reinforcement until the response is mastered & then follow with a period of _ reinforc | continuous; partial |
| Professor Smith has so many vivid memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty is most easily explained in terms of: | retroactive interference |
| Barbara is a talented architect. On which type of intelligence will she most heavily rely to complete her next building design? | Spatial |
| The suggestion that language determines the way we think is known as the ______ hypothesis | linguistic determinism |
| Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory? | |
| How many phonemes in the word "speech"? | 4 |
| Which of the following theorist has the least to do with memory? | Spearman |
| An executive in a stock-broke-age firm works w/ his office door closed. At the same time every hr he opens the door to see what his employees are doing. The employees have learned to work only during the 5 min before he opens the door. Their work pattern | fixed-interval |
| Which of the following increases the chance that an individual will remember a telephone number that has been called several times within a short period? | rehearsal |
| This exam is a great test of your | convergent thinking |
| This controls our ability to comprehend speech? | Wernicke's Area |
| The availability heuristic refers to our tendency to: | judge the likelihood of an event in terms of how readily instances of its occurrence are remembered |
| According to Noam Chomsky, understanding a sentence involves which of the following transformations between structures? | Surface to deep |
| Although Lisa can learn and remember how to solve a complicated jigsaw puzzle, she is unable to learn and remember the names of people to whom she has been introduced. Lisa is most likely to have suffered damage to her: | hippocampus |
| Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner. Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior and will be most successful by praising Jimmy? | after all the dishes are put away |
| Which research would be most likely to reject the concept of IQ? | Gardener |
| A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells | mirror neurons |
| After studying biology all afternoon, John is having difficulty remembering details of the chemistry lecture he heard that morning. John's difficulty is most easily explained in terms of: | proactive interference |
| The tendency to search for information consistent with our preconceptions is called: | the confirmation bias |
| After her last drinking spree, Karen hid a half-empty liquor bottle. She couldn't remember where she hid it until she started drinking again. Karen's pattern of recall best illustrates: | state-dependent memory |
| As an aid to memorizing lengthy speeches, ancient Greek orators would visualize themselves moving through familiar locations. They were making use of: | |
| Research on memory construction indicates that memories of past experiences are likely to be: | distorted by our current attitudes and beliefs |
| The feeling that you know someone's name, but cannot quite recall it, is an example of | the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon |
| Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way to facilitate: | semantic encoding |
| 4-yr-old Scott fell down the stairs at his Grandma's home. Although he was not badly hurt, he was frightened. Now, when his parents mention visiting, he feels anxious & fearful. In classical conditioning terms, what are the CS and the UCS in the scenario/ | Fear; grandmother's house |
| With which of the following statements will people typically agree most quickly? | A robin is a bird |
| 2-year-old Alice tells her grandmother that she "sweeped" the floor yesterday. The scenario illustrates that children | overgeneralize the use of grammatical rules |
| On the first day of class Professor Fray tells her history students that pop quizzes may be given several times throughout the course. Clearly, studying for Professor Fray's class will be reinforced on a __________ schedule. | variable-interval |
| What was the conditioned stimulus when Ivan Pavlov conducted the salivating dog experiments? | Touch to the body |
| Of the following topics, which would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to study? | Problem-solving strategies in chess |
| A dog retrieves the newspaper every day because in the past it retrieved a food reward for this behavior. The dog's behavior is an example of which of the following? | An operant response |
| Watson and Rayner's classical experiment "Little Albert" was helpful in explaining? | Human emotions such as fear are subject to classical conditioning |
| In Elizabeth Loftus' study of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was the | wording of questions the students were shown of the accident |
| B. F. Skinner is best known for his work with? | Pigeons |
| Pulling a lever 100 times to get a cookie on the 101st pull is an example of? | fixed ratio |
| If a previous experience has given your pet the expectancy that nothing it does will prevent and aversive stimulus from occurring, it will likely | Experience learned helplessness |
| People who have difficulty remembering recently learned materials because of similar information learned earlier in life are demonstrating the phenomenon of | retroactive interference |
| When Mary was young, her father would listen to German tapes in order to learn German. Mary paid little attention. Years later, Mary was in Germany ans was able to say a few German words in order to make herself understood. This is an example of | latent learning |
| A test is administered to 1,000 4th graders across the country, and then it is re administered to the same children 90 days later. The test-retest results will yield an evaluation of the test? | reliability |
| A disadvantage of using Alfred Binet's concept of mental age in assessing intelligence is that | |
| Jill Price is known primarily for her extraordinary? | Memory |
| A standardized test must have all of the following EXCEPT | multiple-choice questions |
| In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean? | |
| Marie has to assemble a shelf but cannot find her screwdriver. Which of the following would help her complete this task? | Divergent thought |
| A sudden inability to remember how to tie a certain kind of knot indicates a deficit in which kind of memory? | procedural |
| Learning that is not demonstrated at the time it occurs is called | latent learning |
| Whenever Kai's mother answered the phone, Kai would yell for her mother's attention & her mother would end the phone conversation. Then Kai's mother began ignoring Kai's yelling & eventually Kai stopped behaving that way. The change in Kai's behavior is a | extinction |
| This researcher's forgetting curve is considered to be one of the first theories in memory research? | Ebbinghaus |
| General intelligence or (g) factor is the work of which of the following psychologists? | Spearman |
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