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Immunology 2

Easier stuff

QuestionAnswer
Functions of lymph node filtration by macrophages, storage and activation of B/T cells, antibody production
Follicle/cortex of lymph node holds. Difference between primary and secondary follicle B cells. Secondary follicle (germinal ctr) is pale and is a site of active proliferation
Medulla of lymph node consistes of cords and sinuses. What are they composed of? Where do sinuses drain to? Cords: lymphocytes, plasma cells, Sinuses= macrophages, reticular cells and communicate with efferent lymphatic
Paracortex/deep cortex Houses T cells; has endothelial venules from which T and B cvells enter. Becaomes enlarged in immmune resposne (viral)
3 functions of the spleen capture organisms and Ag trapping, site for extramedullary hematopoiesis, reservoir for 1/3 of platelets
Which part of spleen has "barrel hood" basement membrane? Where are macrophages found? Near basement membrane. Red pulp
Where are T cells and B cells found in the spleen? T cells = periarterial lymphatic sheath, red pulp, B = follicles in white pulp
Describe what happens in splenic dysfunction? Decreased IgM (due to abnormal follicles--> decreased complement activation --> decreased c3b opsonization, increased susceptiblity to encapsulated organisms.
What organisms is a patient susceptible during splenic dysfunction? Encapsulated: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Salmonella
Postsplectomy results in Howell Jolly bodies, target cells, thrombocytosis
T cells in the thymus are originally from ___. They travel to the thymus and are in immature in the ___. T cells are mesenchymal in origin (bone marrow), Immature = cortex
Mature T cells are found in the ___ of the thymus, which also contains ____ and ____/ medulla and contains Hassall's corpuscles, reticular epithelial cells
What happens in positive selection? Negative selection Positive = Recognize MHC or MHC II. Negative APC cells present Ag; those that don't interact undergo apoptosis.
In cortex, before positive selection, T cells have ___ receptors CD4 and CD8 receptors
To make a Th1 cell ____ is released. To make Th2, ____ is released Th1= IL12, Th2 = IL4
TH1 cells secrete ___ and are inhibited by ____. IL-2, IFN-gamma; inhibited by IL-10
Th2 cells secrete ____ and are inhibited by ___. IL 4,5, 10; inhibited by IFN gamma
Th2 cells help B cells to secrete antibody ___ IgE> IgG
only lymphocyte member of the immune system Natural killer cells
Natural killer cells are enhanced by IL-12, IFN-beta, IFN-a
MHC I are mostly for cells infected with a ___ virus
APCS include ___ and have MHC II receptors APC = macrophage, dendritic, B cells (MHC II)
in a macrophage-lymphocyte (which one?) interaction, lymphocytes release ___ while macrophages release ___. They stimulate each other Th1. TH1 release IFN-gamma, macrophages (IL-1, TNF-alpha)
Th2 are infamous for helping cells. Which ones do they help? What signals do they send for each CTL (IL-2, IFN-gamma), B (IL4, IL5)
MHCI includes HLA- (), MHC II ()_ MHC I (A,B,C), MHC II (DR, DQ, DP)
Ag is loaded on MHC I in ___ and ___ in MHC II MHC I = RER (intracellular peptides), MHC II = Acidified endosome
B2 is part of MHC__ complex I
Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by __ cells B cells (IgE)
Type II (cytotoxicy) is mediated by ___ B cells (IgG)
Type III (Immune complex) is mediated by ___ b cells (IgG)
Hyper acute rejection = ___ cells, Hyperacute = B cells
Superantigen mechanism bind to outside of Beta and MHC II complex. Results in release of IFN-gamma from Th1 cells and IL-1, Il-6, TNF alpha from macrophages
Endotoxin directly stimulates ___ and binds to ___ stimulates macrophages and binds to CD14.
Signal 1 (Th), signal 2 MHC II + CD4/TCR; B7 + CD28 (costiumulatory
Signal 1 (TC), Signal 2 (Tc) MHC I + CD8/TCR; IL-2 stimulates Tc to kill virus
Signal 1 (B), Signal 2 (B) Th2 cell secretes IL 4,5,6, CD40+CD40 L from Th2
Fc portion of Ig_ and Ig_ fixes complement G,M
__ determines idiotype, __ determines Isotypes. __ is made from heavy chain Fab = idiotype, Fc = isotype, Fc =heavy chain
4 ways that antibody diversity is created 1. Random recombination of VJ (light) and VDJ(heavy) chains, 2. random combination of heavy chains with light chains, 3. somatic hypermutation (following ag stimulation-point mutation--> enhances affinity),4. addition of nucleotides during recomibination
terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is resopnsible for ____. addition of nucleotides to DNA during recombination and increasing antibody diversity
Name Ig: opsonization G
Name Ig: travels across placenta IgA,IgG
Name Ig: initiate complement IgG, IgM
Name Ig: initiate neutralization IgA, IgM, IgG
Name Ig: initiate degranulation IgE
Diseases associated with rearrangement Burkitts lymphoma (heavy chain moves to myc with 8, 14, translocation), SCID (lack rearrangement in T and B cells
IL-4 stimulates Ig_ IgE and IgG
IL-5 stimulates Ig_ IgA
Normally a mature b cell has what Ig? IgM, IgD
Ig_ = prevents attachment of bacteria and viruses, to mucous emmbranes IgA
Found as a monomer/dimer = Ig_ IgA
Found in secretion IgA
Lowest concentration in serum IgE
Ig epitope that differs among same species (polymorphism) allotypes
Ig epitope common to a single class of Ig Isotype (IgG, IgE)
Ig epitope determined by antigen binding site Idiotype = hypervariable region is unique
Ig epitope that differs among same species (polymorphism) allotypes
Ig epitope common to a single class of Ig Isotype (IgG, IgE)
Ig epitope determined by antigen binding site Idiotype = hypervariable region is unique
Created by: ddecampo
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