Help
Options
Question
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Allergen
Remaining cards (260)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Medical Term. Ch. 6
Medical Terminology Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | commonly known as AIDS; the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection |
| Allergen | a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual |
| Antibiotic | medication that is capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms |
| Antibody | a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen |
| Antifungal | an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi |
| Antigen | any substance that the body regards as being foreign, and includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and transplanted tissues |
| Antigen-Antibody reaction | aka immune reaction; involves binding antigens to antibodies |
| Autoimmune disorder | any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues |
| Bacilli | rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria |
| Bacteria | one-celled microscopic organisms |
| Carcinoma | a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue |
| Carcinoma in situ | describes a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues |
| Complement | a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign blood cells or bacteria; then marks these foreign invaders & attracts phagocytes to destroy these antigens |
| Cytomegalovirus | a member of the herpes virus family that cause a variety of diseases |
| Cytotoxic drug | a medication that kills or damages cells |
| Ductal carcinoma in situ | breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct |
| Hemolytic | function of destroying worn-out red blood cells and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse |
| Herpes zoster | aka shingles; an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening oppurtunistic infections |
| Immunodeficiency disorder | occurs when the immune response is compromised |
| Immunoglobulins | bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response |
| Immunosuppressant | a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response |
| Immunotherapy | a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response |
| Infectious mononucleosis | caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes |
| Infiltrating ductal carcinoma | starts in milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue |
| Interferon | a family of proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication |
| Lymphadenitis | aka swollen glands; an inflammation of the lymph nodes |
| Lymphadenopathy | any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes |
| Lymphangioma | a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system |
| Lymphedema | swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues |
| Lymphocytes | white blood cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells |
| Lymphokines | are produced by the T cells and direct the antigen-antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system; attract macrophages to the infected site and prepare them to attack the invaders |
| Lymphoma | a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues |
| Lymphoscintigraphy | a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels |
| Macrophage | a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills invading cells |
| Malaria | a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes that is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito |
| Mammography | a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells |
| Metastasis | a new cancer site that results from the spreading process |
| Metastasize | the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another |
| Myoma | a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue |
| Myosarcoma | a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| Opportunistic infection | caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans |
| Osteosarcoma | a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or knee |
| Parasite | a plant or animal that lives on, or within, another living organism at the expense of that organism |
| Pathogen | a microorganism that causes a disease in humans |
| Rabies | an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal |
| Rickettsia | a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, and mites |
| Rubella | a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash |
| Sarcoma | a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard tissues, soft tissues, and liquid tissues |
| Spirochetes | spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement |
| Splenomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
| Staphylococci | a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes |
| Streptococci | bacteria that form a chain |
| Teletherapy | radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body |
| Tetanus | caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani, and is transmitted through a cut or wound |
| Toxoplasmosis | a parasite most commonly transmitted from animals to humans by contact with contaminated feces |
| Varicella | aka chickenpox; caused by the herpes virus Varicella zoster and is highly contagious; characterized by a fever and a rash consisting of hundreds of itchy, fluid-filled blisters that burst and form crusts |
| BSE | Breast self-examination |
| CA, Ca | Carcinoma |
| CIS | Carcinoma in situ |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| DCIS | Ductal Carcinoma in Situ |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| HZ | Herpes zoster |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| MET | Metastasis |
| met | Metastasize |
| NHL | Non-Hodkin's lymphoma |
| Anoxia | the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissues |
| Anthracosis | aka black lung disease; caused by coal dust in the lungs |
| Antitussive | commonly known as cough medicine; administered to prevent or relieve coughing |
| Aphonia | the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds |
| Apnea | the absence of spontaneous respiration |
| Asbestosis | caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos |
| Asphyxia | the condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function |
| Asphyxiation | aka suffocation; any interruption of normal breathing resulting in asphyxia |
| Aspiration pneumonia | can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs |
| Asthma | a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing |
| Atelectasis | the collapse of part of all of a lung by blockage of the air passages or by very shallow breathing |
| Bradypnea | an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less that 10 breaths per minute |
| Bronchodilator | a medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs |
| Bronchorrhea | an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi |
| Bronchoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope |
| Bronchospasm | a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea |
| Croup | an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough |
| Cystic fibrosis | a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus |
| Diphtheria | an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract |
| Dysphonia | any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty |
| Dyspnea | aka shortness of breath; difficult or labored breathing |
| Emphysema | the progressive loss of lung function that is characterized by a decrease in the total number of alveoli, the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and the progressive destruction of the walls of the remaining alveoli |
| Empyema | a collection of pus within a body cavity |
| Endotracheal intubation | the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway |
| Epistaxis | aka nosebleed; bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage |
| Hemothorax | a collection of blood in the pleural cavity |
| Hypercapnia | the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Hyperpnea | breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest |
| Hypopnea | shallow or slow respiration |
| Hypoxemia | a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood |
| Hypoxia | the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells |
| Laryngectomy | the surgical removal of the larynx |
| Laryngitis | an inflammation of the larynx |
| Laryngoplegia | a paralysis of the larynx |
| Laryngoscopy | the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope inserted through the mouth and placed into the pharynx to examine the larynx |
| Mediastinum | the cavity located between the lungs |
| Nubulizer | pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor |
| Otolaryngologist | a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck |
| Pertussis | aka whooping cough; a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness, and a noisy inspiration |
| Pharyngitis | aka sore throat; an inflammation of the pharynx |
| Pharyngoplasty | the surgical repair of the pharynx |
| Pleurectomy | the surgical removal of part of the pleura |
| Pleurisy | an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath |
| Pleurodynia | pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements |
| Pneumoconiosis | fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact |
| Pneumonectomy | the surgical removal of all or part of a lung |
| Pneumothorax | the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or can cause it to collapse |
| Polysomnography | aka sleep apnea study; measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea |
| Pulmonologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues |
| Pulse oximeter | an external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood |
| Pyothorax | the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane |
| Sinusitis | an inflammation of the sinuses |
| Tachypnea | an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute |
| Thoracentesis | the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity |
| Thoracostomy | the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity |
| Tracheostomy | the creation of a stoma into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions |
| Tracheotomy | usually an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage |
| Tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; usually attacks the lungs, but can affect other parts of the body |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
| diph | Diphtheria |
| PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
| pneu, pneum | pneumonia |
| PPV | Positive Pressure Ventilation |
| PD | Postural Drainage |
| PFT | Pulmonary Function Test |
| URI | Upper Respiratory Infection |
| PPD | Purified Protein Derivative |
| R, resp | Respiration |
| RF | Respiratory Failure |
| RR | Respiratory Rate |
| SARS | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
| SIDS | Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |
| Aerophagia | the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach |
| Amebic dysentery | transmitted by food or water that is contaminated due to poor sanitary conditions; symptoms include loose stools, stomach pain, and stomach cramping; bloody stools, or fever in a more sever case |
| Anastomosis | a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures |
| Anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance; voluntary starvation and excessive exercising |
| Antiemetic | a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting |
| Aphthous ulcers | aka canker sores or mouth ulcers; gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth |
| Ascites | an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| Bariatrics | the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
| Borborygmus | the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine |
| Botulism | food poisoning; condition transmitted through contaminated food or an infected wound; symptoms include paralysis and sometimes death |
| Bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications |
| Cachexia | a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS |
| Cheilosis | a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth |
| Cholangiography | a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium |
| Cholangitis | an acute infection of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen |
| Cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| Cholecystectomy | the surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile |
| Choledocholithotomy | an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones |
| Cholelithiasis | the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| Cholera | transmitted through contact with contaminated food or water; symptoms starte with diarrhea and can progress to profuse diarrhea, vomiting, and rapid dehydration that can be fatal if not treated. |
| Cirrhosis | a progressive degenerative disease of the liver that is often caused by excessive alcohol use or by viral hepatitis B or C |
| Colonoscopy | the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
| Crohn's disease | a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon |
| Diverticulitis | the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon |
| Diverticulosis | the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon |
| Dyspepsia | aka indigestion; pain or discomfort in digestion |
| Dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| Emesis | aka vomiting; the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth |
| Enteritis | an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens |
| Eructation | the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach |
| Esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus |
| Gastroduodenostomy | the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | aka GERD; the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus |
| Gastrostomy tube | a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach |
| Hematemesis | the vomiting of blood |
| Hemoccult test | a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools |
| Hepatitis | an inflammtion of the liver |
| Herpes labialis | aka cold sores or fever blisters; blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| Hiatal hernia | a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm |
| Hyperemesis | extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration |
| Ileus | the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine |
| Inguinal hernia | the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin |
| Jaundice | a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes |
| Melena | the passage of black, tarry and foul-smelling stools |
| Morbid obesity | the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 39 |
| Nasogastric intubation | the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach |
| Obesity | an excessive accumulation of fat in the body |
| Periodontium | consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth |
| Peristalsis | a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction |
| Proctopexy | the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ |
| Regurgitaion | the return of swallowed food into the mouth |
| Salmonellosis | transmitted by food that is contaminated by feces; symptoms include severe diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and high fever |
| Sigmoidoscopy | the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon |
| stomatorrhagia | describes bleeding from any part of the mouth |
| Trismus | describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer |
| Ulcerative colitis | a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation |
| Volvulus | the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction |
| Xerostomia | aka dry mouth; the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| chole | Cholecystectomy |
| EGD | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| FOBT | Fecal occult blood test |
| GB | Gallbladder |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| HH | Hiatal hernia |
| IBS | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
| O & P | Ova and parasites |
| HSV-1 | Oral Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 |
| TMD | Temporomandibular disorders |
| Anti- | against |
| Carcin/o | cancerous |
| Immuno/o | immune, protection, safe |
| Lymph/o | lymph, lymphatic tissue |
| Lymphaden/o | lymph gland |
| Lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| Neo-, ne/o | new, strange |
| -oma | tumor, neoplasm |
| onc/o | tumor |
| phag/o | eat, swallow |
| -plasm | formative material of cells |
| sarc/o | flesh, connective tissue |
| splen/o | spleen |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| tox/o | poison, poisonous |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tube, bronchus |
| cyan/o | blue |
| laryng/o | larynx, throat |
| ox/i, ox/o, ox/y | oxygen |
| pharyng/o | throat, pharynx |
| phon/o | sound, voice |
| pleur/o | pleura, side of the body |
| -pnea | breathing |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu- | lung, air |
| pulm/o, pulmon/o | lung |
| somn/o | sleep |
| spir/o | to breathe |
| tachy- | fast, rapid |
| thorac/o, -thorax | chest |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| an/o | anus |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| col/o, colon/o | colon, large intestine |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach, belly |
| hepat/o | liver |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| -pepsia | digest, digestion |
| -phagia | eating, swallowing |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| rect/o | rectum, straight |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
Created by:
Mandi11089
Popular Medical sets