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Patient Care Tech.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bath water temperature | Should not exceed 105 degrees F (41 degrees C). Ask patient to feel for their preference. |
| How often should you change a patient's position? | A patient should be re-positioned every 2 hours. |
| At what angle should a patient's head be at if they have a feeding tube? | The patient's head should be at at least a 45 degree angle to prevent aspiration. |
| How long is too long and should be reported to a nurse for absence of a bowel movement? | If the patient has not had a bowel movement for 3 days, the CPCT should report it to the nurse. |
| What is a CPCT's responsibility with Peripheral IVs? | CPCTs should only remove peripheral IVs, NEVER insert them. |
| What is a sterile dressing? | Sterile dressings are usually for an operating room and only applied by a physician or a nurse. CPCTs do not have any role in these. |
| What is an aseptic dressing? | Aseptic dressings are common and CPCTs often apply and change these. |
| What are the five rights of delegation? | The five rights of delegation: The right task The right circumstances The right person The right directions The right supervisor |
| What kind of help can a CPCT provide with medications? | CPCTs may hand a patient self-administered medications and remind a patient of their medications that they have not taken. CPCTs may NOT ever administer medications. |
| What can CPCTs do regarding oxygen therapy? | CPCTs may apply oxygen therapy if there is an order for it and the nurse or physician asks them to. |
| What is a CPCTs role in patient-administered nebulizer treatments? | CPCTs should never administer the medication. CPCTs may hand the inhaler to the patient and position them correctly. |
| How do you take an apical pulse? | In the fifth intercostal space on the left mid-clavicular line. Measure here if the heart rate is irregular. Palpate the pulse or use a stethoscope to listen to and measure the heart rate over a full 60-second time-interval. |
| What is an Apical-radial deficit? | The difference between the apical and radial pulse rate. |
| If the Apical-radial deficit exceeds how many beats per minute, it needs to be reported to the nurse? | If the apical-radial deficit exceeds 8 to 10 beats per minute, the findings should be reported to the nurse. |
| During phlebotomy procedures, what symptoms should be reported to you immediately? | Severe pain or nausea should be reported to you immediately. |
| During any EKG procedures, what symptoms should be reported to you immediately? | Itchiness, redness, swelling, or any discomfort. |
| White lead placement | Right shoulder/clavicle |
| Black lead placement | Left shoulder/clavicle |
| Red lead placement | Left lower abdomen |
| Green lead placement | Right lower abdomen |
| Brown lead placement | Just below and to the right of the bottom of the sternum |
| Tachycardia and bradycardia are signs of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Pallor is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Diaphoresis is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Low blood pressure is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Fast, labored, shallow, or slow respirations are signs of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Anxiety or confusion are signs of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Cyanosis is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Chest pain that radiates to the back, arms, or jaw is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Chest tightness (squeezing sensation) is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Shortness of breath is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Nausea and vomiting is a sin of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Lightheadedness is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Weakness is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| Syncope is a sign of what? | Cardiopulmonary Distress |
| What is afebrile? | Absence of fever |
| What is anuria? | Absence of urine |
| What is auscultation? | Listening to sounds of the lungs, heart and other organs, often with a stethoscope |
| What is dysuria? | Painful or difficult urination |
| What is enuresis? | Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should have been established |
| What is hematuria? | Blood in the urine |
| What is hypoxia? | Oxygen deficiency in the body tissues |
| What is melena? | Black, tarry stool caused by digested blood in the GI tract |
| What is nocturia? | Excessive or frequent urination after going to bed |
| What is orthopnea? | Labored breathing that occurs while lying flat and improves when standing or sitting up |
| What is percussion? | Tapping a body part |
| What is pyrexia? | Elevated body temperature |
| What is tachypnea? | Rapid breathing |
| What is lack of personal care a sign of? | Abuse |
| What is malnourishment a sign of? | Abuse |
| What are pressure sores a sign of? | Abuse |
| What are scratches or bruises a sign of? | Abuse |
| What is restrain trauma a sign of? | Abuse |
| What is inconsistency in explanation of an injury a sign of? | Abuse |
| What is undue anxiety, trembling, helplessness, suicidal thoughts, evasiveness, and poor eye contact a sign of? | Abuse |
| What are overmedication or oversedation a sign of? | Abuse |
| What is lack of concentration a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What is the inability to complete tasks a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What are signs of withdrawal (shaking or sweating) a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What are emotional changes during a shift a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What is deteriorating personal appearance a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What are complaints of verbal abusiveness or roughness a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What are unexplained errands during work hours a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What is excessive absenteeism a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What are excessive, long breaks a sign of? | Substance abuse |
| What are the steps of a fire emergency? | Rescue Alarm Confine Extinguish |
| What are the steps to using a fire extinguisher? | Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep |
| What is the proper procedure for CPR? | Check for DANGER Check for RESPONSE of the victim Start COMPRESSIONS Open the AIRWAY Check for BREATHING (DR. C-A-B) |
| What is the compression-breath ratio in adult CPR? | 30 compressions to 2 breaths |
| What is the compression-breath ratio in infant CPR? | 15 compressions to 2 breaths |
| What is the punishment for multiple HIPAA violations in a calendar year? | Up to $25,000 |
| What is the punishment for knowingly misusing of individually identifiable health information? | Up to 10 years in prison and/or $250,000 |
| If a patient's life is at stake, what steps should you take? | 1. Call the nurse 2. Call the unit director 3. Call the medical director or chief executive officer 4. Document every move and why it was made- complete an incident report 5. Involve the state's department of welfare if the problem is not resolved |
| What is hemolysis? | Destruction of blood cells |
| What is petechiae? | Tiny hemorrhages that look like small red or purple spots on the skin |
| What is hemoconcentration? | When all of the fluid is forced out of the blood due to prolonged tourniquet application |
| What is the correct order of draw for standard phlebotomy? | 1. Blood cultures or sterile specimens 2. Blue top 3. Red top 4. Green top 5. Lavender top 6. Gray top |
| How many times does a blue top tube need inverted? | 3-4 inversions |
| How many times do EDTA and heparin tubes need inverted? | 8-10 inversions |
| how many times do serum separator tubes and serum tubes need inverted? | 5 inversions |
| What complications should be reported immediately? | 1. Excessive bleeding 2. Excessive pain 3. Lack of sensation 4. Excessive bruising 5. Signs of infection 6. Patient feels unwell |
| What is the equipment needed for peripheral blood smears? | 1. Lens cleaner 2. Lens paper 3. Glass slides 4. Gloves 5. An EDTA tube |
| What is the proper procedure for peripheral blood smears? | *Put a small drop of glass cleaner and rub with lens paper until dry *Invert EDTA tube 8-10 times *Place 2mm drop of blood in center- 1/4 from back *Spread at a 30 degree angle with spreader immediately *Leave a feathered edge |
| What are the three common blood tests of inborn errors of metabolism? | 1. Serum ammonia 2. Serum lactate 3. Serum pyruvate |
| What is the proper procedure for inborn errors of metabolism tests? | *Use standard venipuncture procedures *DO NOT use a tourniquet *The patient should be fasting for a serum pyruvate test *Collect in special collection tubes *Immediately ICE *Transport IMMEDIATELY to lab |
| What is the maximum amount of blood that can be taken for blood donation? | 525 mL |
| What is the equation for safe blood donation amounts? | A maximum of 10.5 mL per kg of body weight |
| What are the steps to collecting a sterile urine sample from a male? | *Wait until the urine has been in the bladder for 2-3 hrs *Wash hands with soap and water *Clean head of penis with sterile wipe, urinate for several seconds, stop flow, then finish in cup |
| What are the steps to collecting a sterile urine sample from a female? | *Wait until urine has been in the bladder for 2-3 hrs *Wash hands with soap and water *Separate labia and use sterile wipe *Clean urethra with sterile wipe *Urinate for several seconds before urinating in cup |
| How to properly follow the chain of custody? | *When, how and by whom a specimen was collected *When, how and by whom specimen was transported *Who received specimen and when *Where and how stored *How and when the specimen was processed *When, by whom, and to whom the results were reported |
| What is the 1500 method in measuring an EKG tracing? | Count the number of small boxes between two waves (P-P/R-R) then divide 1500 by that number. |
| What is the sequence method in measuring an EKG tracing? | Divide 300 by the number of large boxes between QRS complexes OR 300-150-100-75-60-50 |
| What is the six-second rule in measuring an EKG tracing? | Count the number of QRS complexes in a 6-second period and multiply by 10. |
| What problems can cause artifact in an EKG tracing? | *Seizure *Trembling *Dry skin *Wet skin *Cold patient *Dry gel *Cell phone interference *Medical device interference |
| What are the proper placements of Holter monitor leads? | *White lead- Right sternum/clavicle area *Black lead- Left sternum/clavicle area *Red lead- Left lower thoracic area *Green lead- Right lower thoracic area *Brown lead- Just below and to the right of the bottom of the sternum |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V1? | 4th intercostal space, right of the sternum |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V2? | 4th intercostal space, left of the sternum |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V3? | Between leads V2 and V4 |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V4? | 5th intercostal space, midclavicular |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V5? | 5th intercostal space, between V4 and V6 |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V6? | 5th intercostal space, midaxillary |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V7? | 5th intercostal space, between V6 and V8 |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V8? | 5th intercostal space, midscapular |
| What is the proper placement for the lead V9? | 5th intercostal space, right next to V8 |
| What is the expected range of a PR interval? | 0.12 to 0.2 seconds |
| What is the expected range of a QRS interval? | 0.04 to 0.10 seconds |
| What is a P wave? | Atrial contraction |
| What is a PR interval? | The time it takes for the SA node to fire, atria to depolarize, and electricity to travel through the AV node. |
| What is a QRS complex? | Ventricle contraction |
| What is a T wave? | Ventricle relaxation |
| What is a J point? | The exact point in time where ventricular depolarization stops and ventricular repolarization starts. |
| How is normal sinus rhythm defined? | *Upright and rounded P wave *P wave amplitude is less than 2.5 mm *P wave duration less than 0.11 seconds *QRS complex is usually narrow |
| Where do leads II, III, and aVF look in reference to the heart? | Inferior wall |
| Where do leads V1 and V2 look in reference to the heart? | Septum |
| Where do leads V3, V4 or V1 to V4 look in reference to the heart? | Anterior wall |
| Where do leads I and aVL look in reference to the heart? | Lateral wall- high |
| Where do leads V5 and V6 look in reference to the heart? | Lateral wall- low |
| Where do leads V7 and V9 look in reference to the heart? | Posterior wall |
| Where does the lead V4R look in reference to the heart? | Right ventricle |
| Which leads are leads II, III, and aVF reciprocal to? | Leads I and aVL |
| Which leads are leads V1 to V3 reciprocal to? | Leads II, III, and aVF |
| What is the most common paper speed for an EKG machine? | 25 mm/second |
| What is the most common sensitivity setting for an EKG machine? | 10 mm/mV |
| In Einthoven's triangle, what connects Lead I? | Right arm and Left arm |
| In Einthoven's triangle, what connects Lead II? | Right arm and Left foot |
| In Einthoven's triangle, what connects Lead III? | Left arm and Left foot |
| What is arteriosclerosis? | A chronic disease that is characterized by the thickening and hardening of the arteries |
| What is asystole? | The absence of any electrical activity in the heart |
| What is atherosclerosis? | Plaque buildup on the inner lining of blood vessels |
| What is the base in reference to the heart? | The top of the heart |
| What is the apex in reference to the heart? | The lower pointed end of the heart |
| What are augmented leads? | Leads created by combining two of the three limb leads to create a positive electrode. |
| What does the term ectopic mean in reference to the heart? | Originating in an area of the heart outside of the SA node |
| What is the endocardium? | The outermost layer of the heart |
| What is the epicardium? | The outermost layer of the heart |
| What does the term ischemia mean? | Insufficient oxygenation of tissue |
| What is the mediastinum? | One of three compartments inside the chest. Encapsulates the heart and great vessels |
| What is the myocardium? | The middle muscular layer of the heart |
| What is the pericardium? | A serous sac that encases the heart, is formed from two layers, and is usually filled with a small amount of fluid |
| What are precordial leads? | Six EKG leads placed on the anterior chest to record electrical activity to the heart, mainly the electrical impulses originating in the ventricles or the heart's anterior wall |
| What is vasoconstriction? | The act of constricting a blood vessel |
| What is vasodilation? | The act of opening a blood vessel |
| What are yellow topped tubes used for in blood draws? | Blood cultures. |
| What are light blue topped tubes used for in blood draws? | Coagulation tests. |
| What are red topped tubes used for in blood draws? | Serum biochemistry, drug monitoring and serum ummunology tests. |
| What are green topped tubes used for in blood draws? | Stat chemistry, ammonia, ABG testing |
| What are the additives for a green topped tube? | Sodium heparin, lithium heparin, ammonium heparin |
| What are royal blue topped tubes used for in blood draws? | Toxicology, trace metals, nutritional analysis tests. |
| What are the additives for royal blue topped tubes? | Heparin, EDTA, or none. |
| What are grey topped tubes used for in blood draws? | Lactic acid, GTT, FBS, blood alcohol levels. |
| What are the additives for grey topped tubes? | Antiglycotic agent or sodium fluoride. |
| What are the additives for yellow topped tubes? | Sps additive to inhibit compliment and phagocytosis. |
| What are the additives for light blue topped tubes? | Sodium citrate. |
| What are the additives for glass red topped tubes? | None. |
| What are the additives for plastic red topped tubes? | Clot activators. |
| What are red/grey (Tiger) topped tubes used for in blood draws? | Most chemistry tests. |
| What are the additives for tiger topped tubes? | Clot activators, polymer gel. |
| What are lavendar topped tubes used for in blood draws? | CBC, sedimentation rate. |
| What are the additives for lavendar topped tubes? | EDTA. |
| What are pink topped tubes used for in blood draws? | Antibody screening, compatibility test. |
| What are the additives for pink topped tubes? | K2, EDTA. |
| Blood specimens that should be transported on ice include? | *Arterial blood gases *Ammonia *Lactic acid |
| Which blood specimen should be collected in a pre-warmed red glass tube? | *Cold agglutinin *Cryoglobulin *Cryofibrinogen |
| What is the capillary order of draw? | 1. Purple, pink, lavendar, pearl 2. Green cap 3. Any other additive specimens 4. Red, gold |
| What is the proper collection procedure for Bilirubin? | 1. Collect in amber tube or wrap in foil 2. Keep from light 3. Put on ice |
| What is an Allen test? | Tests for collateral circulation. |
| What is the first choice for ABGs? | Radial artery. |
Created by:
Martinafulgieri
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