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Chapter 1
Understanding Psychology by Richard A. Kasschau, Ph.D.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| physiological | having to do with an organism's physical processes |
| cognitive | having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding |
| psychology | the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research |
| hypothesis | an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research |
| theory | a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study |
| basic science | the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake |
| applied science | discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals |
| scientific method | a general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized |
| structuralist | a psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences |
| introspection | a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings |
| functionalist | a psychologist who studied the function (rather than the structure) of consciousness |
| psychoanalyst | a psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior |
| behaviorist | a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment |
| humanist | a psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth |
| cognitivist | a psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior |
| psychobiologist | a psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior |
| psychologist | a scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals |
| psychiatry | a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders |
| clinical psychologist | a psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances |
| counseling psychologist | a psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living |
| developmental psychologist | a psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures |
| educational psychologist | a psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn |
| community psychologist | a psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency |
| industrial/organizational psychologist | a psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers |
| experimental psychologist | a psychologist who studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions |
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