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Final - Med Term I
Exams 1-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| False | True or False - A word cannot end with a combining form (word root + vowel). |
| False | True or False - The definition of a medical word usually begins with defining the prefix first, the suffix second and the word root last. |
| False | True or False - Paralysis occurring on only one half of the body is known as quadriplegia. |
| True | True or False - Hyper-, hypo-, and poly- are all prefixes that indicate measurement. |
| False | True or False - Bi-, mono-, and primi- are all prefixes that indicate position and/or direction. |
| True | True or False - The suffix -cide means to kill or to destroy. |
| Plural form of thorax | thoraces |
| Plural form of bacterium | bacteria |
| Plural form of ganglion | ganglia |
| Plural form of apex | apices |
| eponym | A name for a disease, organ, procedure, or body function that is derived from the name of a person. |
| Tetra | four |
| Para | near,beside,beyond |
| brady | slow |
| peri | around |
| half | - semi |
| rapid | tachy |
| outside | ecto |
| not | an |
| An abnormal accumulation of fluid (water) within the head is known as | hydrocephalus |
| Uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep are known as | narcolepsy |
| –ptosis | drooping |
| -rrhaphy | suturing |
| -gram | record |
| -scopy | process of viewing |
| suffix that means:toward, increase | -ad |
| suffix that means:decrease in, deficiency | -penia |
| suffix that means:blood condition | -emia |
| suffix that means:sensitivity to pain | -algesia |
| a vowel ending is placed at | the end of the word root. |
| If a suffix begins with a consonant the root will need | a combining vowel before attaching to the suffix |
| Which prefixes indicate the color red? | eosin/o, erythr/o |
| Each of the following suffixes indicate "pertaining to" | -al -ous -ic |
| The prefix -pan means: | all |
| Compound words are usually composed in the following order: | combining form + word root + suffix |
| 3 suffixes that pertain to a surgical procedure | -plasty, -pexy,-centesis |
| suffix with a similar meaning of –ula | -ole |
| supra | above, over |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -algia | pain |
| -oid | resembling |
| -tripsy | intentional crushing |
| -lysis | destruction or detachment |
| -genic | pertaining to, formation, producing |
| -gravida | pregnancy |
| -rrhagia | excessive flow or discharge |
| -philia | attracted to |
| -cele | swelling or herniation |
| -lith | stone |
| -desis | binding or surgical fusion |
| -oma | tumor |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -osis | condition |
| Label on the body Plane: | 1 frontal 2 medisagittal (divides the body into equal right and left portions)3transverse |
| Label the terms concerning the foot in the body plane diagram: | dorsum and plantar |
| Name of the position of the body in Diagram | (standing, arms at sides, Palms forward, head and feet pointing forward - anatomical |
| Identify the four types of tissues: | Muscle - Produces movement of the parts and organs of the body,Connective-Binds other body tissue and parts; may be liquid,fatty,fibrous,cartilage,or solid.Neural-Transmits impulses throughout the body.Epithelial - Covers internal/external organs of body |
| Identify the three ventral cavity subdivisions: | thoracic -- contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus.abdominal-- contains the liver,gallbladder,spleen,stomach, pancreas.pelvic -- contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs |
| The body position of lying horizontally on the back, face up is | supine |
| A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward is | supination |
| aplasia | absence of formation |
| Incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells is | hypoplasia. |
| An increase in the number of cells of a body part is | hyperplasia. |
| True | True or False - the umbilicus is landmark on the external abdominal wall for dividing the abdomen into quadrants(true or false) |
| False | True or False - When tenderness exists upon Munro's point, a physician might suspect appendicitis. (true or false) |
| True | True or False - The urinary bladder is located within the hypogastric region. (true or false) |
| True | True or False - The definition of dysplasia is any abnormal development of tissues or organs. (true or false) |
| False | True or False - The abbreviation RLQ stands for "right lumbar quarter"(true or false) |
| True | True or False - Segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics are called genes, (true or false) |
| The following terms use the midline of the body as reference points. Write the definition for the directional term, and then give the term that means the opposite. | Deep- ? Opposite: superficial. Posterior -back, Opposite: anterior.Dorsal-back side,Opposite:ventral.Lateral- away from the midline,Opposite: medial.Inferior-towards the foot,Opposite:superior.Caudal-near the tail,Opposite:cranial. Distal-?,Opposite: ? |
| anter/o | front |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
| pelv/I | pelvis |
| inguin/o | groin |
| hist/o | tissue |
| crani/o | skull,cranium |
| thorac/o | chest |
| ventr/o | belly,front side |
| Label - parts of spine in diagram | Lumbar –Coccyx-Cervical-Thoracic-Sacrum |
| Label the 9 abdominal regions in diagram | (right and left lumbar, right and Ieft hypochondriac,right and left inguinal, hypogastric, epigastric, and umbilical) |
| Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin that are paler in the center than its surrounding edges are known as: | hives |
| A small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister is a | vesicle |
| A small elevation of the skin filled with pus is a | pustule |
| A small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed is a | macule |
| A small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin is a | papule |
| The word element that means fungus is | myc/o |
| The most common malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue occurring most often on areas of skin exposed to the sun is | basal cell carcinoma |
| substance secreted by the sebaceous gland | sebum |
| A large blister is know as a | bulla |
| the removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound | debridement |
| adip/o | fat |
| onych/o | nail |
| caut/o | burn |
| trich/o | hair |
| cutane/o | skin |
| white l | euko |
| sweat | hidr/o |
| scales | ichthy/o ? |
| dryness | xero |
| yellow | xantho |
| A localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a boil | furuncle |
| Cicatrix | A scar |
| A scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area. | Abrasion |
| Onychomycosis | Any fungal infection of the nails. |
| Stratum basale | The layer of skin where new cells are continually being reproduced, pushing older cells toward the outermost surface of the skin. |
| Stratum corneum | The outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells that have converted to keratin. |
| Pruritis | itching. |
| Gangrene | Death of tissue; usually the result of ischemia, bacterial invasion, and subsequent decaying of tissue. |
| Cyanosis | A condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin. |
| Hemangioma | A benign tumor consisting of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color. |
| ID | intradermal |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| I&D | incision and drainage |
| SC | subcutaneous |
| TENS | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
| EAHF | eczema,asthma, and hay fever |
| True or False - A noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy tissue is cautery. | True |
| True or False - Tinea capitis is also known as ringworm of the scalp | True |
| True or False - Tinea pedis is also known as ringworm of the body. | False |
| True or False - Removal of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis with sandpaper or brushes is known as dermatoplasty. | False |
| True or False - A carbuncle is a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus. | True |
| True or False - Sebum is the substance secreted by the ceruminous gland | False |
| Label Layers of the skin in diagram — | Epidermis,Dermis,Subcutaneous |
| Label Accessory Structures of skin in diagram— | hair follicle,pore,?,sebaceous gland,nerve fiber,sudoriferous gland,?,adipose tissue |
| Aniso | unequal |
| immun/o | immune, protection |
| phag/o | to eat |
| -philia | attraction to |
| chrom/o | color |
| lymphaden/o | lymph gland |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| blast/o | embryonic stage of development |
| thromb/o | clot |
| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| -globin | containing protein |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| -stasis | stopping or controlling |
| -poiesis | formation |
| The process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood is known as | coagulation |
| a stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot | fibrin |
| An increased level of albumin in the blood is | hyperalbuminemia |
| Purpura | is a collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint Hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations |
| The word element that means transmission is | -phoresis |
| Kaposi’s Sarcoma | a locally destructive neoplasm of the blood vessels associated With AIDs - typically forming lesions on the skin, visceral organs, or mucous membranes. |
| Any disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels, characterized by localized or generalized enlargement is known as | lymphadenopathy |
| ABO | A, B, AB, O blood types |
| Hbg | hemoglobin |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| PA | pernicious anemia |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| BMT | bone marrow transplantation |
| ARC | ? |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr Virus |
| Give the 5 types of anemia and define | Pernicious anemia-anemia from low mature RBC(B12 inadequate).Iron deficiency anemia-hemoglobin deficient due to low iron in blood.Sickle cell anemia-abnormal red blood cells with a crescent shape in presence of low oxygen concentration.Aplastic anemia–lac |
| A marked reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets is | pancytopenia |
| Multiple myeloma | is a malignant plasma cell neoplasm that causes and increase in the number of both mature and immature plasma cells – which often entirely replace the bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure |
| An abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced is | thrombocytopenia |
| The abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues is known as | edema |
| This test is used to discover the presence of antierthryocyte antibodies present in the blood of an Rh negative woman | direct antiglobulin test (Coomb's test) |
| The process of a cell engulfing and destroying bacteria is | phagocytosis |
| This is the largest lymphatic organ in the body, located in the LUQ just below the diaphragm and behind the stomach; it filters the blood. | Spleen |
| Immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent is an example of | natural immunity |
| A special treatment of allergic responses that administers increasingly large doses of the offending allergens to gradually develop immunity is known as | immunotherapy |
| This test detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV | western blot |
| Arteri/o | artery |
| Coron/o | heart |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| ather/o | fatty |
| echo | sound |
| angi/o | vessel |
| Any deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat is known as | arrhythmia |
| Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain is | dyspnea |
| A treatment for varicose veins | sclerotherapy |
| This condition is characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and abdominal discomfort; edema results in the lower portions of the body | congestive heart failure |
| An arterial condition in which there is thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries is called: | arteriosclerosis |
| A graphic record of the electrical action of the heart is known as an | electrocardiogram |
| Common signs and symptoms of cardiovascular problems include each of the following | pallor dyspnea edema |
| Severe pain and constriction about the heart, usually radiating to the left shoulder and down the left arm | angina pectoris |
| A localized dilatation of an artery formed at a weak point in the vessel wall | aneurysm |
| lntermittent attacks of vasoconstriction of the arterioles, followed by cyanosis and then redness before returning to normal color | Raynaud’s Phenomenon |
| the formation or existence of a blood clot | thrombosis |
| A small, portable monitoring device that makes prolonged electrocardiograph recordings on a portable tape recorder | Holter monitor |
| Analgesic | medication to eliminate or reduce pain |
| Aneurysmectomy | surgical removal of an aneurysm |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| ischemia | decreased supply of oxygenated blood |
| bradycardia | slow heart beat of less than 60 beats per minute |
| True or False-The visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart. | True |
| True or False- During the diastolic phase, the ventricles contract and force blood through the aorta. | False |
| True or False-Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the inner lining of the heart. | False |
| True or False-Compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac, thus preventing the ventricles from adequately filling or pumping blood, is known as cardiac tamponade | True |
| Identify the blood flow through the heart. (answer was truncated) | De-oxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava.blood flows into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.From the right ventricle the blood passes thru the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which leads |
| Label in the diagram of the heart – | Aorta,Pulmonary valve,Aortic valve,Left atrium,Tricuspid Valve,Mitral valve,Right ventricle,Left ventricle,Pulmonary artery,Right atrium |
| CVD | Cardio vascular disease |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| ASD | atria septum defect |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| PTCA | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| ICD | implantable cardioversion defibrillator |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| Which term best describes a superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules | impetigo |
| Select the disease that is characterized by the appearance of 'slapped cheeks." | Erythema infectiosum |
| What is a childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, dyspnea, stridor, and laryngeal spasm called? | croup |
| What is "strawberry tongue" characteristic of? | scarlatina |
| What is an enzyme deficiency that alters lipid metabolism called? | Tay-Sachs disease |
| What is a highly invasive carcinoma associated with sun exposure? | |
| What is cellular maturation and functional definition called? | differentiation |
| Select the term that best describes a lymphoid tissue neoplasm that is typically malignant | lymphoma |
| What does grading describe? | Cellular differentiation & growth rate |
| What does staging refer to? | Extent of disease and tumor size |
| Chickenpox is caused by | varicella virus |
| Colostrum and placental exchange are associated with | passive acquired immunity. |
| Characterized by a blotchy red rash, and is also called the “red measles" and is diagnosed based on the presence of Kopiik's spots in the mouth. | rubeola |
| congenital | present at birth |
| The word element omphal/o means | navel |
| Cancer treatment may include 3 types of treatment | chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery |
| malignant melanoma | originate in preexisting nevi and freckles |
| The process by which tumor cells spread to distant parts of the body is known as | metastasis |
| carcinogen | a cancer causing substance |
| papill/o means | nipple like |
| eruption of teeth | dentition |
| pertaining to a structure with a stalk | pedunculated |
| disappearance of symptoms of a chronic or malignant disease | remission |
| a written plan of steps to be taken | protocol |
| attached by a base rather than a stalk | sessile |
| lying down | recumbent |
| most common form of breast cancer | ductal carcinoma |
| malignant renal tumor | Wilms’ tumor |
| whooping cough | pertussis |
| fever | pyrexia |
| prevents the proliferation of malignant cells | antineoplastic |
| increased function or complexity | development |
| three-day measles | rubella |
| red measles | rubeola |
| an illness or abnormal condition | morbidity |
| True or False Head circumference is affected by intracranial volume. | True |
| True or False - Failure of the hard palate to fuse results in a congenital defect called cleft palate. | True |
| True or False - Gliomas are classified as primary intracranial tumors. | True |
| True or False - Benign tumors are usually encapsulated. | True |
| True or False - Malignant tumors displace adjacent tissue as they increase in size. | False |
| Ca- | cancer |
| Mets- | metastasis |
| TNM- | tumor, node, metastasis |
| MMR | measles, mups, rubella |
| Td | tetanus, dyptheria,toxoid |
| CAUTION | C = change in bowel or bladder habits |
| A = a sore that does not heal | |
| U = unusual bleeding or discharge | |
| T = thickening or lump in breast | |
| I = indigestion | |
| O = obvious change in mole or warts | |
| N = nagging cough, sore throat | |
| Give one work related pathological condition and its definition. | Asbestosis- lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles |
| A Pulmonary _______ is the obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a thrombus(clot) that has dislodged from another location. | embolism |
| Define external respiration | breathing oxygen into lungs to supply oxygen to the body, exhaling, removing carbon dioxide (waste) from the body. |
| Pleural _________ is accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, causing compression of the lung and dyspnea. | effusion |
| ___________are hair-like projections that sweep dirt and foreign materials toward the throat for elimination. | cilia |
| The following diagram depicts the chronic pulmonary disease that is characterized by an increase beyond the normal size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls. | emphysema |
| The Respiratory System is responsible for three major functions. The main function (1) is respiration (breathing), which is accomplished through internal and external respiration. Name the two other functions | protection, and sound |
| Name the three parts of the pharynx | nasopharnyx,oropharynx,laryngopharynx |
| Expectoration | spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the throat or lungs |
| orthopnea | discomfort in breathing in any but erect, sitting, or standing positions |
| bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing |
| dysphonia | difficulty in speaking; hoarseness |
| tachypnea | abnormal rapidity of breathing |
| apnea | temporary cessation of breathing |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| rhinorrhea | thin, watery discharge from the nose |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| ABG(s) | arterial blood gases |
| Identify the pathway of air as it travels from the nose to the capillaries of the lungs | Nose, nasal cavity,paranasal sinuses , pharynx, larynx, trachea,bronchi,Bronchioles,alveoli |
| The following terms are techniques used in the physical examination of the respiratory system | percussion, palpation, auscultation |
| What is the medical term for "sore throat"? | pharyngitis |
| Which term best describes spitting up blood? | hemoptysis |
| Which structure is also known as the "voice box"? | larynx |
| Which structure is also known as the "windpipe"? | trachea |
| A productive cough is one that | is effective in bringing up sputum |
| The use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis, or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space is known as a(n) | thoracentesis |
| The term for a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity is | pneumothorax |
| The external nostrils are called the | nares |
| The paranasal sinuses | are hollow, are located in the skull, communicate with the nasal cavity |
| The thin, leaf-shaped structure that covers the entrance to the larynx when swallowing is the | epiglottis |
| Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lung is known as | bronchiectasis |
| Pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity, that is usually the result of a primary infection in the lungs is known as | Empyema |
| Orth/o | straight |
| Pne/o | breath |
| Pulmon/o | lung |
| Rhin/o | nose |
| Phren/o | efers to the diaphragm |
| Pneum/o | lung |
| Label in respiratory diagram | larynx,trachea,bronchi |
| True or False - A condyle is a knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone. | True |
| True or False - Cardiac musde is classified as voluntary muscle. | False |
| True or False - The buccinator is located in the fleshy part of the cheek. | True |
| True or False - Adhesive capsulitis is also known as a frozen shoulder. | True |
| Carp/o | wrist |
| Cost/o | rib |
| Oste/o | bone |
| Lord/o | swayback |
| -desis | surgical repair |
| ankyl/o | stiff |
| troph/o | develop |
| my/o | muscle |
| Label - diagram of bone | diaphysis,epiphysis,periasteum,spongy bone, articular cartilage |
| A condition in which bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density is known as | osteoporosis |
| A condition in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood is known as | osteomalacia |
| An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe is called a | bunion |
| A form of acute arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe is known as | gout |
| The most common form of arthritis, due to wear and tear on the joints, especially the weight-bearing joints of the hips and knees, is known as | osteoarthritis |
| The bones of the hand are known as | metacarpals |
| The medical term for the knee bone or kneecap is | patella |
| The muscle that covers the shoulder joint is called the | deltoid |
| The point of attachment of the muscle to the bone that is less moveable is called the | origin |
| The point of attachment of the muscle to the bone it moves is called the | insertion |
| break in the bone but no open wound | closed fracture/simple |
| break through the entire thickness of the bone caused by the bone surfaces being forced against each other | compression fracture |
| break in the bone, and an open wound in the skin | compount fracture/open |
| minor fracture; bone remains in perfect alignment | hairline fracture/stress |
| break due to bone being weakened by a preexisting disease | pathological fracture |
| one side of bone is broken, the other side is bent | greenstick fracture |
| occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of the wrist bones | Colles’ fracture |
| circumduction | complete circular movement |
| atrophy | wasting away of tissue |
| kyphosis | curvature of spine resulting in humpback |
| lordosis | curvature of spine resulting in swayback |
| fossa | indentation in bone |
| redmarrow of the bones is responsible for hematopoiesis, which is defined as | red blood cell creation |
| this bone is the only moveable bone of the skull | mandible |
| the first seven pairs of ribs, that articulate with the sternum, are known as the | true ribs |
| A genetically transmitted disorder that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue is known as | pseudotrophic muscular dystrophy |
| Label the bone process in the diagram | spine |
| Label the muscle in the diagram | gluteus medius |
| Label the bone in the diagram | tibia |
| IM | intramuscular |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| Fx | fracture |
| DEXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| THR | total hip replacement |
Created by:
kcannon
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