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Carp115KeystoneVoc2
Second stack of keystone vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the tendency of water molecules to stick to other surfaces | adhesion |
| a macromolecule made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that cells use for energy | carbohydrates |
| a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed itself | catalyst |
| the basic unit of life | cell |
| the stages of a cell's life leading to division and duplication; interphase, nuclear division, and cytokinesis | cell cycle |
| a process that breaks down organic molecules such as glucose and captures the released energy in ATP | cellular respiration |
| an organelle in plant cells that captures sunlight and transforms it to chemical energy | chloroplast |
| the practice of reproducing an organism that is genetically identical to the original | cloning |
| a type of inheritance in which two alleles representing homozygous phenotypes are equally expressed | co-dominance |
| the tendency of water molecules to stick to each other | cohesion |
| the amount of a substance, the solute, dissolved in a given volume of water or another substance, the solvent | concentration |
| a gradual difference in the concentration of a substance in a solution as a function of distance | concentration gradient |
| the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes in meiosis I that results in unique sister chromatids | crossing over |
| the final stage of the cell cycle, during which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells | cytokinesis |
| the movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient until it reaches equilibrium | diffusion |
| a type of inheritance that is expressed when only one allele or both alleles shows the genotype | dominant |
| the process by which extracellular materials are taken into the cell by forming a membrane vesicle | endocytosis |
| a theory that early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes | endosymbiosis |
| a protein catalyst | enzyme |
| the process by which substances are released from the cell into the extracellular environment via vesicles | exocytosis |
| the transport of substances across the plasma membrane with the assistance of transport proteins; does not require energy | facilitated diffusion |
| the use of science and technology to investigate and solve crimes | forensics |
| the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides that changes the order in which they are grouped into codons | frame-shift mutation |
| a laboratory method of cutting apart and recombining genes to produce recombinant DNA | gene splicing |
| the use of genetic engineering to change the DNA in genes causing a disease for the purpose of therapy | gene therapy |
| the practice of using technology to insert, delete, or alter genetic material directly | genetic engineering |
| an organism that contains DNA from other organisms | genetically modified organisms GMO |
| the process of maintaining a stable internal environment | homeostasis |
| a method by which an organism regulates its internal environment | homeostatic mechanism |
| a testable explanation for observations and data | hypothesis |
| a type of inheritance in which heterozygous phenotype is a blend of two alleles, neither dominant or recessive | incomplete dominance |
| the longest stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA and prepares to divide | interphase |
| a physical or behavioral trait that prevents mating between species | isolating mechanisms |
| a statement or equation that summarizes observations without explaining them | law |
| any biotic or abiotic resource, such as food, sunlight or nutrients, that limits the size of a population | limiting factor |
| the movement of individuals into and out of a population that results in a change of allele frequency | migration |
| the second stage of the cell cycle, during which the nucleus is divided | mitosis |
| made up of many cells with specialized functions | multicellular |
| a type of inheritance in which more than two alleles exist for a gene | multiple allele |
| a permanent change in a DNA sequence | mutation |
| the process in which alleles for traits that give an advantage in survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on | natural selection |
| the failure of chromosomes or chromatids to separate during meiosis or mitosis | nondisjunction |
| a species living outside the area where it originated, introduced either intentionally or accidentally by humans | nonnative species |
| another name for nonnative species | invasive species |
| a structure composed of two or more tissue types, that performs a specific function | organ |
| a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function | organ system |
| an individual living thing | organism |
| the movement of water from an area of high concentration through permeable membranes to an area of low concentration | osmosis |
| the movement of a substance across the plasma membrane without using energy | passive transport |
| the process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in compounds such as glucose | photosynthesis |
| a group of individual organisms that occupies an area and shares a gene pool | population |
| the study of changes in population numbers due to births, deaths, and individuals moving into and out of a population | population dynamics |
| a concept based on scientific laws and rules agreed upon by the scientific community | scientific principle |
| an organism that uses sunlight as its energy source | producer |
| a trait that is only expressed when not masked by a dominant allele | recessive |
| the practice of breeding organisms with desirable traits | selective breeding |
| another name for selective breeding | artificial selection |
| a trait determined by genes on either the X or Y chromosome | sex-linked trait |
| the development of new species as a result of genetic isolation from a main population | speciation |
| a group of similar organisms that are capable of mating and producing fertile offspring | species |
| a series of predictable sequential changes in an ecosystem over time | succession |
| a relationship between two organisms that live together | symbiotic relationship |
| a set of components that interact to produce something greater than the sum of its parts | system |
| an explanation for a broad range of observations based on data and experimentation | theory |
| an anatomical structure made of similar cells that perform a specific function | tissue |
| the process in which the genetic information in DNA is copied onto a strand of mRNA | transcription |
| the process in which the instruction on a strand of mRNA is used to produce a protein | translation |
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carp115
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