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ecology
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Ecology - MCAS

MCAS Vocabulary Ecology

QuestionAnswer
ecology study of interactions between organisms and their environment
ecosystem all the organisms in a particular location, including their non-living environment
species two organisms that are so similar they can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring
population members of a species in a defined area
biosphere part of Earth that living organisms inhabit
community populations of different organisms living in a defined area
autotroph organism that makes its own food using sunlight or chemicals; producer
producer organism that makes its own food using sunlight or chemicals; autotroph
photosynthesis using sunlight and carbon dioxide to make food (carbohydrates)
chemosynthesis using inorganic chemicals to make food (carbohydrates)
heterotroph organism that relies on other organisms for food; consumer
consumer organism that relies on other organisms for food; heterotroph
herbivore consumer that eats plants
carnivore consumer that eats animals or meat
omnivore consumer that eats both plants and animals
decomposer organism that breaks down and absorbs nutrients from dead organisms
detritivore organism that feeds on animal and plant remains that it did not capture; scavenger
food chain series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food web network of all the food chains in an ecosystem
trophic level step in a food chain, food web, or ecological pyramid
energy pyramid diagram that shows the energy available to each trophic level in an ecosystem; 10% is passed on to upper levels, the rest is lost as heat
biogeochemical cycle process in which nutrients are recycled through the biosphere, ex. carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous
evaporation process by which liquid water turns into a gas (water vapor) when heated
transpiration evaporation of water from plant leaves
nutrient chemical that an organism needs to live
nitrogen fixation process in which bacteria convert nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds plants can use to make proteins
denitrification conversion of nitrates in the soil by bacteria into nitrogen gas
greenhouse effect heat reatined by the the gases of the Earth's atmosphere to maintain the Earth's temperature range
biotic factor living factors or organisms that affect an ecosystem
abiotic factor non-living factor that affects an ecosystem
habitat where an organism lives
resource anything that an organism needs to live, ex. food, water, space
predation interaction in which one organism hunts, captures, and feeds on another organism
symbiosis relationship in which two species live closely together
mutualism symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit
commensalism symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected
parasitism symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed
population density number of individuals per unit area
immigration individuals joining a population
emigration individuals leaving a population
carrying capacity largest number of individuals of a population that the environment can support
invasive (non-native) species plants and animals that have migrated to areas where they did not originate; often displace native species by outcompeting them for resources
biodiversity the variety of all living things in the biosphere
cellular respiration process that breaks down food to make ATP and releases carbon dioxide as waste
Created by: mshunt
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