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Chapter 3
Understanding Psychology by Richard A. Kasschau, Ph.D.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| developmental psychology | the study of changes that occur as an individual matures |
| grasping reflex | an infant's clinging response to a touch on the palm of his or her hand |
| rooting reflex | an infant's response in turning toward the source of touching that occurs anywhere around his or her mouth |
| maturation | the internally programmed growth of a child |
| telegraphic speech | the kind of verbal utterances in which words are left out, but the meaning is usually clear |
| schema | a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world |
| assimilation | the process of fitting objects and experiences into one's schemas |
| accomodation | the adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences |
| object permanence | a child's realization that an object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it |
| representational thought | the intellectual ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind |
| conservation | the principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed |
| egocentric | a young child's inability to understand another person's perspective |
| imprinting | inherited tendencies or responses that are displayed by newborn animals when they encounter new stimuli in their environment |
| critical period | a specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned |
| authoritarian family | parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct |
| democratic/authoritative family | children and adolescents participate in decisions affecting their lives |
| permissive/laissez-faire family | children and adolescents have the final say; parents are less controlling and have a nonpunishing, accepting attitude toward children |
| socialization | the process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture within which an individual is born and will live |
| identification | the process by which a child adopts the values and principles of the same-sex parent |
| sublimation | the process of redirecting sexual impulses into learning tasks |
| role taking | children's play that involves assuming adult roles, thus enabling the child to experience different points of view |
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