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Renal Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does the kidneys lie, and at what vertebral level? | T12-L3 retroperitoneal |
| The right kidney is found anterior to rib ? while the left kidney is found anterior to the ribs ?? | 12, 11 & 12 |
| Each kidney is surrounded by: (deep to superficial) | Perinephric fat, Renal fascia, Paranephric fat |
| Posterior relations of the kidneys are.. | Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and transverse abdominis |
| Anterior relations of the kidneys are.. | Ascending colon, Hepatic flexure, and duodenum (right) Spleen, stomach, splenic flexure and duodenum (left) |
| Renal arteries arise at ? | T12-L1, inferior to the SMA |
| Left renal vein receives tributaries from | the adrenal and gonadal veins |
| Where does the left renal vein pass on its way back to the IVC | Anterior to the aorta immediately below origin of superior mesenteric artery |
| What does a hilum consist of? | Renal artery, Renal vein, and Ureter |
| How does urine get excreted? | Collecting ducts --> Minor calyx --> Major calyx --> Renal pelvis --> Ureter |
| Name the narrowings of the ureter | Pelviuretic junction, Crossing pelvic rim, Uretero-vesical junction |
| Where does the ureters descend? | On the surface of the psoas major approx. in line with tips of transverse process of lumbar vertebrae |
| Crossing the pelvic rim, the ureters pass over..? | Passes anterior sacroiliac joint and the bifurcation of the common iliac artery |
| Upper 1/3 of the ureters is supplied by? | Renal arteries |
| Middle 1/3 of the ureters is supplied by? | Branches of the abdominal aorta, gonadal arteries or the common iliac arteries |
| Lower 1/3 of the ureters is supplied by? | Branches from the internal iliac |
| Urogenital system develops from? | Intermediate mesoderm |
| Name the layers of the ureters (deep to superficial) | Transitional epithelia, Lamina propria, Longitudinal layer, Circular layer, Adventitia |
| Reflex response to flow of urine in urethra is? | The internal sphincter relaxation |
| Female urethra is supported by? | A pubovesical ligament |
| The male urethra is made of 4 layers: | Preprostatic, Prostatic, Membranous, Spongy |
| What is the sympathetic nerve supply of the bladder? Stimulation of which, does what? | T12-L2, stimulation increases internal urethral sphincter tone |
| What innervates the detrusor? | S2,3,4 |
| What is the trigone? | A triangle formed by the internal urethral orifice and the openings of the ureters |
| Male urethra is supported by ? | Puboprostatic ligament |
| Name the 4 distinct parts of the male urethra. | Preprostatic urethra, Prostatic urethra, Membranous urethra, Spongy urethra |
| Name the main muscles of the pelvic floor | Two levator ani muscles and the coccygeus muscle |
| What is the pudendal nerve? | S2-S4 |
| The pudendal nerve is associated with? | The ischial spine with the sacrospinous ligament attached to it |
| How does the pudendal nerve leave the pelvic cavity? | Through the greater sciatic foramen, and enters the perineum inferior to the pelvic floor by passing round the ischial spine and through the lesser sciatic foramen. |
Created by:
lijingsaw
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