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Science Exam
7th Grade Final Exam Science Study Guide
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Abiotic Matter | matter that makes up the nonliving parts of an ecosystem, such as air, water, and rocks |
Adaptive Trait | a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment |
Atom | the tiny pieces that all matter—all the stuff in the world—is made of |
Biodome | a closed ecosystem made by humans |
Biotic Matter | matter that makes up the living and dead organisms in an ecosystem |
Carbon | a type of atom (a tiny piece) that makes up molecules such as carbon dioxide and energy storage molecules |
Carbon Dioxide | a molecule made of carbon and oxygen atoms |
Cellular Respiration | the chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose that releases energy into cells |
Chloroplast | the part of a cell where photosynthesis happens |
Chromosome | a long piece of DNA that contains many genes |
Consumer | an organism that needs to eat in order to get energy storage molecules (such as starch and fat) |
Decomposer | an organism that gets energy storage molecules (such as glucose) by breaking down dead matter |
DNA | a type of molecule that genes and chromosomes are made of |
Ecosystem | all the living and nonliving things interacting in a particular area |
Environment | everything (living and nonliving) that surrounds an organism |
Feature | a characteristic that all members of a species have, which varies between organisms |
Fertilization | when a male and female reproductive cell combine to create an offspring |
Function | how something works |
Gene | an instruction for making a protein molecule |
Heterozygous | having gene versions that are different |
Histogram | a graph that uses bars to show how characteristics or values are distributed within a group |
Homozygous | having gene versions that are the same |
Inherit | to receive genes from a parent |
Mitochondria | the part of a cell where cellular respiration happens |
Mutation | a random change to a gene that sometimes results in a new trait |
Natural Selection | the process by which the distribution of traits in a population changes over many generations |
Non-adaptive Trait | a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment |
Nucleus | the part of a cell where genes are found |
Photosynthesis | the process by which plants and other producers use energy from sunlight to change carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose (an energy storage molecule) |
Population | a group of the same type of organism living in the same area |
Predator | an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food |
Prey | an animal that is hunted or killed by another animal for food |
Producer | an organism that can make its own energy storage molecules (such as glucose) |
Protein Molecule | a type of large molecule that performs important functions inside organisms |
Ribosome | the parts of the cell that build protein molecules based on instructions from genes |
Sexual Reproduction | the process of parents creating offspring; sperm and egg cells combine to create the first cell of an offspring |
Species | a group of organisms of the same kind (in one or more populations) that do not reproduce with organisms from any other group |
Structure | the way something is shaped or constructed |
Trait | a specific characteristic of an individual organism |
Variation | any difference in traits between individual organisms |